Which classification of personal protective clothing offers the highest respiratory system protection but a lower level of skin protection?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Level B. Level B personal protective clothing provides the highest respiratory system protection with a supplied-air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. This level offers a lower level of skin protection compared to Level A, which provides the highest level of both respiratory and skin protection. Level D does not provide any respiratory or skin protection, making it the least protective option. Level C offers a balance of respiratory and skin protection, but it is not as high as Level B for respiratory protection. Therefore, Level B is the best choice for high respiratory protection while sacrificing some level of skin protection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate needle positioning in intraosseous infusion. This step ensures that the needle is within the medullary space, allowing for safe and effective administration of fluids or medications. Option A is incorrect because various fluids, including blood products and medications, can be infused via intraosseous route. Option C is incorrect as intravenous access is preferred over intraosseous in small children. Option D is incorrect since intraosseous infusion is a temporary measure until vascular access is established.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is "Moist heat" for treating frostbite. Moist heat helps to gradually warm the affected area, promoting blood flow and reducing tissue damage. This method is recommended because sudden temperature changes can worsen the condition. Choice B, early amputation, is incorrect as it is an extreme measure and should only be considered as a last resort in severe cases where tissue has already died. Choice C, padding and elevation, can help reduce swelling and promote circulation but may not be sufficient as the sole treatment for frostbite. Choice D, vasodilators and heparin, are not typically used in the initial treatment of frostbite. While vasodilators may help improve blood flow, they are not the primary recommended method for treating frostbite.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chest x-ray. Before transferring the patient for neurosurgical care, a chest x-ray is mandatory to assess for any potential thoracic injuries that may impact respiratory function during transport. This is crucial to ensure the patient's stability and prevent any complications. Choice A, FAST exam, is typically used to evaluate for intra-abdominal injuries and is not directly related to the patient's immediate need for neurosurgical care. Choice B, Lateral cervical spine x-ray, may be important for assessing cervical spine injuries, but in this scenario, the patient is already in full spinal protection and the priority is to address potential thoracic injuries that could affect respiratory function. Choice D, Administration of methylprednisolone, is not indicated as a mandatory step prior to transport for neurosurgical care. While it may be considered as part of the treatment plan later on, it is not an immediate requirement for safe transport in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Preparation for laparotomy while initiating fluid resuscitation." In this scenario, the patient is hemodynamically unstable with signs of hypovolemic shock. The priority is to address the source of bleeding, which is likely intra-abdominal due to the stab wound. Therefore, preparing for a laparotomy to control the bleeding is crucial. Fluid resuscitation should be initiated to stabilize the patient's hemodynamics and improve tissue perfusion. This approach addresses the immediate life-threatening issue and is the most appropriate course of action to prevent further deterioration. Explanation for other choices: A: "Transfusion of FFP and platelets" - This option does not address the immediate need for controlling bleeding and stabilizing the patient's hemodynamics. C: "Resuscitation with crystalloid and pRBC until base excess is normal" - While fluid resuscitation is necessary, waiting for base excess to normalize may delay definitive treatment and compromise the