ATI RN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which class of medications is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and improve outcomes in heart failure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers are commonly prescribed in heart failure to manage symptoms and improve outcomes by reducing the heart's workload and improving its efficiency. They help lower blood pressure, decrease heart rate, and improve heart function. Antibiotics (A) are used to treat bacterial infections, not heart failure. Antidepressants (B) are used for mental health conditions, not heart failure. Antihistamines (D) are used to treat allergies, not heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
The patient with acute bronchitis asks if antibiotics will be ordered for the condition. Which response is best for the nurse to make?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: - Answer C is correct because antibiotics should only be prescribed for bacterial infections, not viral ones like acute bronchitis. - Step 1: Recognize acute bronchitis is commonly caused by viruses, not bacteria. - Step 2: Understand that unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance. - Step 3: Therefore, antibiotics should only be used when a bacterial infection is confirmed through sputum culture. Summary: - Answer A is incorrect as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for acute bronchitis. - Answer B is incorrect as it correctly states antibiotics do not treat viral conditions. - Answer D is incorrect as antibiotics do not inhibit the body's inflammatory response but target bacterial growth.
Question 3 of 5
What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in the human body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base balance in the body by catalyzing the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This process is crucial in regulating pH levels in various bodily fluids. A: Breakdown of carbohydrates - This is not the primary function of carbonic anhydrase. Carbohydrate breakdown is primarily carried out by enzymes like amylase and sucrase. B: Regulation of blood sugar levels - Carbonic anhydrase does not play a direct role in regulating blood sugar levels, which is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon. C: Facilitation of gas exchange in the lungs - While carbonic anhydrase indirectly affects gas exchange by regulating blood pH, its primary function is not to facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, PCO2 30, HCO3 20. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated. The pH is elevated (alkalosis) at 7.45. The low PCO2 of 30 indicates respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 level of 20 is slightly below normal, indicating metabolic compensation. The body has compensated for the respiratory alkalosis by reducing the HCO3 level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the given ABG results. A (Metabolic acidosis, compensated) would have low pH and HCO3 levels. C (Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated) would have high pH and HCO3 levels. D (Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated) would have high PCO2 and low pH.