Which child is at risk for developing glomerulonephritis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago. Glomerulonephritis is often caused by poststreptococcal infection, and impetigo, a skin infection caused by Streptococcus, can lead to this condition. The child with impetigo is at risk due to the potential for the streptococcal infection to progress to glomerulonephritis. Option B) A 5-year-old with five UTIs in the previous year is incorrect because UTIs do not typically lead to glomerulonephritis unless they are recurrent and left untreated. Option C) A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes is incorrect as diabetes does not directly increase the risk of glomerulonephritis; it is more associated with diabetic nephropathy. Option D) A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia is incorrect because viral pneumonia does not predispose to glomerulonephritis unless there are complicating factors. Educationally, understanding the risk factors for glomerulonephritis is crucial for pediatric nurses and healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and interventions to prevent complications. Recognizing the connection between certain infections like impetigo and the development of glomerulonephritis is essential for early identification and management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, monitoring laboratory values is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, especially in conditions like severe dehydration. In this case, the correct answer is B) Sodium 140 mEq/L. Sodium levels are a key indicator of hydration status. In severe dehydration, sodium levels are typically elevated due to the concentration of sodium in relation to water loss. Therefore, a normal sodium level of 140 mEq/L would indicate that the treatment is effective in restoring the infant's hydration status. Option A, Potassium 2.9 mEq/L, is low and can be a concern in dehydration, but it is not the best indicator of treatment effectiveness in this scenario. Option C, Urine specific gravity 1.035, reflects urine concentration and hydration status but is not as direct or sensitive as serum sodium levels. Option D, BUN 25 mg/dL, can be elevated in dehydration but is not as specific to hydration status as sodium levels. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind interpreting laboratory values in pediatric patients is essential for providing safe and effective care. By grasping the significance of each value in different clinical scenarios, nurses can make informed decisions and interventions to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the correct dosage, first convert the infant's weight to kilograms: 17.6 lb = 8 kg. The prescribed dose is 5 mg/kg, so for an 8 kg infant, the total dose required is 40 mg. Since the available ibuprofen liquid is 100 mg/5 ml, to find out how many milliliters to administer, divide the total dose (40 mg) by the concentration of the liquid (100 mg/5 ml), which equals 2 ml. Therefore, the healthcare provider should administer 2 ml of ibuprofen to the infant.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The healthcare professional should perform a finger stick on a toddler as a component of the sickle turbidity test. If the test is positive, hemoglobin electrophoresis is required to distinguish between children who have the genetic trait and children who have the disease. Finger stick is a common method used to collect blood samples, especially in pediatric patients, for various tests.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatrics nursing, it is crucial to provide accurate dietary education to parents of children with conditions like celiac disease. The correct answer, option D - Rice pudding, is the most suitable choice for a school-age child with celiac disease because rice is a gluten-free grain safe for consumption by individuals with celiac disease. Rice pudding is a tasty and safe option that aligns with the dietary restrictions necessary for managing celiac disease. On the other hand, options A, B, and C are incorrect choices for a child with celiac disease. Option A - Wheat bread contains gluten, which is harmful to individuals with celiac disease as it can trigger autoimmune responses damaging the intestines. Option B - Vanilla malt often contains barley malt, which is also a gluten-containing ingredient not suitable for individuals with celiac disease. Option C - Barley soup contains barley, another gluten-containing grain that should be avoided in the diet of someone with celiac disease. By understanding the importance of gluten-free diet in managing celiac disease, parents can make informed choices to promote their child's health and well-being. Education on appropriate food choices is essential in preventing complications and ensuring optimal growth and development in children with celiac disease.