Which characteristic should the nurse expect a client diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder to exhibit?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because individuals with schizotypal personality disorder often exhibit incorrect interpretations of external events due to their distorted thinking patterns. This includes ideas of reference, magical thinking, and paranoid ideation. Choice A is incorrect as schizotypal individuals tend to have few close relationships. Choice B is incorrect as brief but intense relationships are more characteristic of borderline personality disorder. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with schizotypal personality disorder may have difficulty expressing emotions but not necessarily a lack of tender feelings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reinforcing positive actions is a key aspect of behavior modification in children with disruptive behavior disorders. By positively reinforcing desired behaviors, the nurse can encourage their repetition and help shape the child's behavior towards more positive outcomes. Involving parents (choice A) is important but not specific to behavioral approach. Providing opportunities for learning appropriate interactions (choice C) is helpful but not the primary focus of behavior modification. Administering medications (choice D) is not a behavioral approach and should not be the first-line intervention for disruptive behavior disorders in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it directly relates to a common symptom of ADHD, which is difficulty staying seated. This behavior is often observed in children with ADHD due to impulsivity and hyperactivity. Choice B is incorrect as it does not provide specific evidence of ADHD symptoms. Choice C is unrelated to ADHD symptoms and may indicate conduct issues. Choice D, while related to behavior, does not directly support a suspicion of ADHD as it does not mention any characteristic symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Tolerance. Tolerance refers to the need for a higher dose of a substance to achieve the same effect that was initially experienced at a lower dose. In the case of the 45-year-old male patient who increased his alcohol intake to achieve the desired effect, it indicates that his body has developed a tolerance to alcohol, requiring him to consume more to feel the same level of intoxication. Option A) Withdrawal is incorrect because withdrawal refers to the physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance they are dependent on, not when they increase their intake. Option C) Intoxication is incorrect because it refers to the state of being affected by a substance, not the need to increase intake to achieve the desired effect. Option D) Psychological dependence is incorrect because it refers to the emotional or mental reliance on a substance, not the need to increase intake due to tolerance. In an educational context, understanding the concept of tolerance is crucial for nurses working with patients with substance-related disorders. It helps caregivers recognize when a patient may be developing a tolerance to a substance, which can have implications for their treatment plan and overall care. By accurately identifying tolerance, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate interventions and support to help patients manage their substance use effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Adventitious. In this scenario, the sexual attack experienced by the 18-year-old female is an example of an adventitious crisis. An adventitious crisis is an unexpected event that is outside of the individual's control, such as accidents, natural disasters, or crimes like rape. These crises are not a normal part of development or internal to the individual. Option A) Situational crises typically arise from events that are anticipated but still cause significant stress. In this case, the sexual attack was not anticipated or within the individual's control, making it adventitious rather than situational. Option C) Developmental crises occur as a result of normal life transitions or milestones. The trauma of a sexual attack does not align with the typical progression of developmental crises. Option D) Internal crises stem from within the individual, such as mental health issues or personal conflicts. The sexual attack in this situation was an external event, not originating from the individual herself. Educationally, understanding the types of crises is crucial in the field of public health, especially when considering interventions and support for individuals experiencing trauma. Recognizing the nature of a crisis helps in providing appropriate and effective assistance to those in need. By categorizing crises correctly, public health professionals can tailor interventions to address the specific challenges posed by different types of crises.