ATI RN
Assessment and Management of Newborn Complications Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which causes infants of diabetic mothers to be large for gestational age?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Maternal diabetes leads to high blood glucose levels. Step 2: Maternal glucose crosses the placenta to the fetus. Step 3: Fetal pancreas produces more insulin in response to high glucose. Step 4: Excess insulin promotes fetal growth, leading to macrosomia. Summary: A: Incorrect - Maternal insulin doesn't cross placenta in significant amounts. B: Incorrect - Blood flow doesn't directly cause fetal overgrowth. C: Incorrect - Maternal insulin doesn't directly cause increased growth.
Question 2 of 5
Which clinical sign is most concerning immediately following the delivery of a high-risk neonate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood glucose of 35 g/dL. This is the most concerning sign as hypoglycemia in neonates can lead to serious neurological complications. Low blood glucose levels can result in seizures, brain damage, and even death if not promptly addressed. It is crucial to maintain appropriate blood glucose levels in neonates to support their brain development and overall health. Explanation of other choices: A: Axillary temperature of 97.8°F - Slightly below normal but not immediately concerning. C: Oxygen saturation of 90% - Suboptimal but not as critical as severe hypoglycemia. D: Blue-tinged hands and feet - Could indicate poor circulation, but hypoglycemia is more urgent to address.
Question 3 of 5
Which infant is at greatest risk for developing hypoglycemia after birth?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Severe small for gestational age (SGA) infant, as they have limited glycogen stores and are at higher risk for hypoglycemia. SGA infants often have poor growth in utero, leading to decreased nutrient reserves. This puts them at increased risk for low blood sugar levels after birth. Incorrect choices: B: Appropriate for gestational age infants typically have adequate glycogen stores and are at lower risk for hypoglycemia. C: Infants of diabetic mothers with good maternal glucose control are less likely to have hypoglycemia due to stable blood sugar levels in utero. D: Cold-stressed term infants may have transient hypoglycemia, but they are not at the greatest risk compared to severe SGA infants.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse in NICU is assessing a neonate delivered at 32 weeks gestation. Which pathophysiological manifestation is the nurse’s greatest concern?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apnea 20 seconds or longer. In a neonate delivered at 32 weeks gestation, apnea lasting 20 seconds or longer is the greatest concern as it indicates immature respiratory control and potential for respiratory distress or failure. Absent or weak reflexes (A) may be common in premature infants but are not as critical as respiratory issues. A heart murmur (B) may be present due to structural heart defects, but apnea poses a more immediate threat. Low hemoglobin (D) may indicate anemia, which can be managed with appropriate interventions, unlike compromised respiratory function.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a premature neonate in the NICU nursery. The neonate is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Which specific intervention does the nurse expect for this neonate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Maintain fluid restrictions. For a neonate with BPD and PDA, fluid restrictions are essential to prevent fluid overload and worsening of the conditions. Excessive fluid can exacerbate pulmonary edema in BPD and increase cardiac workload in PDA. Monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (A) is important but not specific to these conditions. Obtaining blood glucose levels (B) is important for monitoring overall health but not specific to BPD and PDA. Administering enteral feedings (D) may be necessary but does not directly address the primary concern of fluid management in these conditions.