Which brain structure-autonomic function pairing is incorrect?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The corpus callosum connects cerebral hemispheres and has no autonomic role like blood pressure regulation. Pons and medulla regulate respiration, thalamus relays pain, and hypothalamus controls temperature.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance; trauma here causes tremors, ataxia (irregular gait), and dysarthria (halting speech). The cerebrum handles cognition, pons respiration, thalamus sensation, and hypothalamus homeostasis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Signal transmission along the axon (A) is electrical due to action potentials (changes in membrane potential). Between neurons (B), transmission is typically chemical via synapses. 'Never' (C) and 'always' (D) are incorrect, as transmission is context-dependent—electrical within a neuron, chemical between neurons.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The basal ganglia do not primarily control balance (A) or equilibrium (B), which are cerebellar functions, nor conjugate eye movement (C), which involves brainstem nuclei. They play a key role in initiating and modulating voluntary movements (D), as seen in disorders like Parkinson’s disease where initiation is impaired. Power is not typically lost in basal ganglia disease (e.g., rigidity in Parkinson’s), but this option was omitted.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Theta waves are 4-7 Hz (not 1-3, ruling out A), alpha waves appear by 3-4 months (not after 4 years, ruling out B), sensory memory recall lasts seconds (C is true), and REM sleep cycles are ~10-20 minutes, not 30 (D). C is correct.