Which blood vessel conveys blood out of the nephron?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to peritubular capillaries/vasa recta, not those vessels or interlobular vein (later drainage). This distinguishes glomerular outflow, vital for filtration dynamics, contrasting with downstream vessels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone boosts sodium reabsorption in DCT/collecting duct, not elimination, potassium (excreted), or chloride (follows). This defines aldosterone's role, vital for blood volume, contrasting with opposite effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parallel vasa recta/loop of Henle cause pyramid striations, not microtubules, connective tissue, or nerves. This explains medullary appearance, vital for countercurrent, contrasting with other tissues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exercise may cause transient albuminuria (protein leak), not glucose (reabsorbed), uric acid (purine), or ascorbic acid (vitamin). This identifies exercise-induced proteinuria, vital for renal stress, contrasting with normal solutes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Interlobular arteries branch from arcuate to supply cortex, not interlobar (medulla), arcuate (boundary), or efferent (glomerulus). This specifies cortical supply, vital for nephron function, contrasting with other vessels.