ATI RN
Community and Public Health Nursing Evidence for Practice Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which biological used in EPI should not be stored in the freezer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: OPV. Oral Polio Vaccine should not be stored in the freezer because freezing temperatures can damage the live attenuated virus in the vaccine, reducing its effectiveness. Other choices, such as DPT, Measles vaccine, and MMR, are typically stored in the refrigerator, as freezing can lead to loss of potency in these vaccines as well. It is crucial to follow proper storage guidelines to maintain the efficacy of vaccines and ensure optimal protection against diseases.
Question 2 of 5
A 3-year old child was brought by his mother to the health center because of fever of 4-day duration. The child had a positive tourniquet test result. In the absence of other signs, which of the most appropriate measure that the PHN may carry out to prevent Dengue shock syndrome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Instruct the mother to give the child Oresol. For a 3-year-old child with a positive tourniquet test and fever, the most appropriate initial measure to prevent Dengue shock syndrome is oral rehydration therapy with Oresol. This is because maintaining hydration is crucial in Dengue fever management. Inserting an NGT and giving fluids per NGT (choice A) is invasive and not necessary at this point. Starting the patient on IV Stat (choice C) is too aggressive for a stable child with no signs of shock. Referring the client to the physician (choice D) is not the first step in management and can delay necessary interventions. Oral rehydration therapy is simple, effective, and helps prevent dehydration in children with Dengue fever.
Question 3 of 5
Among the following diseases, which is airborne?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Measles. Measles is an airborne disease caused by a virus that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This mode of transmission makes it highly contagious. Viral conjunctivitis (A) is spread through direct contact with eye secretions, not airborne. Acute poliomyelitis (B) is transmitted through contaminated food and water, not airborne. Diphtheria (C) is spread through respiratory droplets, but it is primarily transmitted through close physical contact, not solely by airborne transmission like measles.
Question 4 of 5
The use of larvivorous fish in malaria control is the basis for which strategy of malaria control?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Zooprophylaxis. Larvivorous fish are used in malaria control through zooprophylaxis, which involves using animals to reduce disease transmission. These fish feed on mosquito larvae, hence reducing the mosquito population and decreasing the spread of malaria. Stream seeding (A) involves introducing plant seeds into streams, not fish. Stream clearing (B) focuses on removing debris and obstacles from streams, not using fish. Destruction of breeding places (C) involves eliminating stagnant water sources where mosquitoes breed, not using larvivorous fish. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the use of larvivorous fish in malaria control.
Question 5 of 5
A 4-year old client was brought to the health center with chief complaint of severe diarrhea and the passage of "rice waterâ€. The client is most probably suffering from which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholera. The key indicators are severe diarrhea and passage of "rice water" stool, which is characteristic of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae. Cholera results in profuse watery diarrhea leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Giardiasis (A) presents with foul-smelling diarrhea, amebiasis (C) causes bloody diarrhea, and dysentery (D) is associated with mucus and blood in stool, none of which match the presentation in this case.