Which best describes what insurance companies did to decrease their constantly increasing costs? (Select one that does not apply)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insurance companies attempted to reduce unnecessary use by limiting coverage for certain services and people. Restrictions such as the establishment of a gatekeeper that required preauthorization, limited coverage for preexisting illnesses, and exclusion of participants whose use was deemed exorbitant were instituted. Such restrictions increased resentment and resistance and were not very successful.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Because costs were contained by both the federal programs and insurance companies, the providers had a strong incentive to undertreat and underuse health resources. The public feared that the quality of care being provided was less to keep costs as low as possible.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because facilities, workforce, and financing mechanisms are essential components found in all healthcare systems worldwide. Facilities include hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings. Workforce consists of healthcare professionals providing services. Financing mechanisms refer to how healthcare services are paid for. Choice B (workforce, research, technology) is incorrect because research and technology are important but not universal components of all healthcare systems. Choice C (facilities, pharmaceuticals, insurance companies) is incorrect because while facilities and insurance companies are common in healthcare systems, pharmaceuticals are not a universal component. Choice D (workforce, clinics, hospitals) is incorrect as it omits financing mechanisms which are crucial for the functioning of healthcare systems.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary, secondary, tertiary care. Primary care focuses on prevention and basic healthcare needs. Secondary care involves specialized treatment by healthcare professionals like specialists and hospitals. Tertiary care is complex and specialized care typically provided in academic medical centers. Choice B (Basic, advanced, emergency care) is incorrect because it does not cover the full spectrum of healthcare services like primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Choice C (Preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic care) is incorrect because it does not encompass the different levels of care provided in the healthcare system. Choice D (Inpatient, outpatient, emergency care) is incorrect because it only refers to the setting of care rather than the actual levels of healthcare services provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the events listed have significantly impacted the evolution of healthcare in the U.S. The Industrial Revolution led to advancements in medical technology and healthcare delivery. The development of antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. The introduction of Medicare and Medicaid expanded access to healthcare for vulnerable populations. The establishment of the U.S. Pharmacopeia standardized drug quality and safety. Each event played a crucial role in shaping the healthcare system over time.