Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The planning function of Nurse Ellen in her role as a nurse manager best corresponds to option D, which is to determine how to achieve the mandate of work. Planning involves setting objectives, developing strategies, and outlining the steps to accomplish those objectives. As a nurse manager, Nurse Ellen would be responsible for creating plans to ensure the effective delivery of patient care, efficient allocation of resources, and meeting the organizational goals of the unit. By determining how to achieve the work mandate, Nurse Ellen can effectively lead her team, allocate resources efficiently, and navigate any challenges that may arise in the operation of the nursing unit.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is important for the nurse to have a direct and easily accessible means of communication with the patient who is expected to be in and out of the hospital due to their chronic illness like leukemia. By asking for the patient's phone number, the nurse can quickly reach out to them for updates, clarification, or any urgent matters that may arise. This direct communication line helps in ensuring continuity of care and addressing the patient's needs promptly. This approach is more practical and efficient compared to options such as asking the patient to call the hospital number listed in the yellow pages or relying on chart information which may not always be up to date. Writing down the number and giving it to the ward clerk may cause unnecessary delays in communication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Providing education on strategies for initiating and maintaining milk supply should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation. Preterm infants can benefit significantly from breast milk due to its unique composition that supports their growth and development. Educating the client on techniques such as pumping to establish and maintain milk supply, proper latching techniques, and understanding the benefits of breastfeeding for preterm infants can help alleviate her concerns and increase her confidence in breastfeeding her premature infant. Additionally, promoting skin-to-skin contact and frequent feedings can also help stimulate milk production and foster bonding between the mother and infant. Encouraging and supporting the client with evidence-based information will be crucial in promoting successful breastfeeding outcomes for the preterm infant.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and common clinical manifestations include nasal congestion (blockage or stuffiness), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sneezing. These symptoms are often present in both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. While headaches, sore throat, and fever can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to rhinitis as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described - gradual-onset weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign, and demyelinating plaques in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord - are indicative of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath, leading to the formation of plaques in the central nervous system. The characteristic symptoms of MS include weakness, spasticity (stiffness in muscles), hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflex responses), and positive Babinski sign (upward movement of the big toe). While ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) presents with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy without sensory involvement and demyelinating plaques, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is typically an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy affecting peripheral nerves rather than the central nervous system, and myast