Which best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Identifying risk factors is critical to creating or discovering specific prevention and intervention approaches that reduce chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Because some risk factors cannot be avoided, knowing other risk factors involved allows for more possibilities of preventing the problem. These variables need to be identified first so that health care providers are able to provide an explanation to persons as to why they are ill, obtain funding for research for the problem, and educate the community about the avoidance of the known risk factors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ecosocial approach challenges both the individually focused risk factor approach and molecular epidemiology (sequencing of genes to improve individual susceptibility), because it emphasizes the role of macro-level socioenvironmental factors, especially complex political and economic forces in health and illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Epidemiology' comes from Greek: 'epi' (upon), 'demos' (people), and 'logos' (study), meaning the study of what happens to people (B). Latin (A), French (C), and German (D) are incorrect origins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity (B) is disease frequency or burden (e.g., illness rates). A is mortality, C is incidence, D is population at risk.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Randomized controlled trials (D) assign interventions randomly to test effects (e.g., drug trials). A, B, and C are observational.