Which best describes the concept of health promotion?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging healthy behaviors. Health promotion aims to empower individuals to take control of their health by adopting behaviors that prevent illness and promote overall well-being. This involves educating, motivating, and supporting people to make positive lifestyle choices. Treating illness (A) and ensuring access to care (C) are more related to healthcare delivery rather than health promotion. While disease prevention (D) is an important aspect of health promotion, it focuses specifically on preventing the occurrence of diseases rather than promoting overall health through positive behaviors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it correctly matches the terms with their definitions. Topical anesthesia is indeed applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes, matching with statement C. Epidural anesthesia involves injecting the anesthesia into the epidural space of the spinal cord, aligning with statement D. The other choices incorrectly match the terms with definitions that do not correspond to the actual procedures. Choice B incorrectly states that epidural anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space at the lumbar area L4 and L5, which is not accurate. Choice C incorrectly states that topical anesthesia is applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes, which is inaccurate. Choice D incorrectly states that topical anesthesia is applied directly to the skin and that epidural anesthesia is introduced in the subarachnoid space, both of which are incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perceived susceptibility. This is a key aspect of the Health Belief Model because it refers to an individual's belief about their risk of getting a particular health condition. It is crucial in determining whether a person will take preventive actions. Perceived severity (B) and perceived benefits (D) are also important components of the model, but perceived susceptibility is considered the starting point for behavior change. Perceived barriers (C) are obstacles that may prevent an individual from taking action, but they are not the main focus in the Health Belief Model.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, promoting health and preventing disease, as the primary goal of community health nursing is to focus on improving the overall health of the community. This involves implementing strategies to prevent disease and promote wellness through education, advocacy, and community partnerships. Providing direct care to sick individuals (B) is typically the role of acute care nurses. Managing chronic conditions (C) is important but not the primary goal of community health nursing. Evaluating health programs (D) is a component of community health nursing but is not the primary goal.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eliminating health disparities among populations. This is the primary objective of public health as it focuses on ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare and resources to achieve optimal health outcomes. By addressing disparities, public health aims to promote health equity and reduce inequalities in health status. Lowering chronic diseases (A) and extending life expectancy (D) are important goals but not the primary objective. Delivering health education (C) is a strategy within public health but not the main objective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving the overall health of the community. Community health nursing focuses on promoting and protecting the health of the entire community through various interventions and programs. This includes implementing population-based strategies to address public health issues, prevent diseases, and improve health outcomes at a community level. By focusing on improving the overall health of the community, community health nurses work towards enhancing the well-being of all community members. Incorrect choices: A: Providing care to individuals and families within the community - While community health nurses do provide care to individuals and families, the primary focus is on the health of the entire community. C: Ensuring access to health care for all community members - While access to healthcare is important, it is not the sole focus of community health nursing. D: Addressing the social determinants of health - While addressing social determinants of health is a crucial aspect of community health nursing, the primary focus is on improving the overall health of the community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Understanding the health needs of the population is crucial as it helps in identifying the priority areas for intervention. Step 2: By focusing on health needs, the program can address the most pressing issues, leading to more effective outcomes. Step 3: Considering available resources or demographics without knowing the health needs may result in ineffective or irrelevant interventions. Step 4: The current health status is important but may not provide a comprehensive view of the underlying needs that require addressing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Low literacy levels among patients. Health literacy refers to an individual's ability to understand and use health information. Low literacy levels can hinder a person's understanding of health-related information, leading to poor health outcomes. Limited access to health resources (A) can be a challenge, but it is not as common as low literacy levels. While complex medical instructions (C) can be a barrier, low literacy levels are more pervasive. Cultural barriers (D) can also impact health literacy, but the primary challenge is often low literacy levels among patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ringer's lactate. Ringer's lactate is used in managing GIT loss and burns due to its balanced electrolyte composition, which closely resembles the electrolyte content of plasma. It helps replace lost fluids and maintain electrolyte balance. Normal saline (B) lacks bicarbonate and may lead to metabolic acidosis. Dextrose (C) provides energy but does not address fluid and electrolyte losses. Blood (D) is not typically used for fluid resuscitation in these cases unless there is severe hemorrhage.