Which best describes the aspects central to the definition of community?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The person-place-time model suggests epidemiologists examine demographic characteristics of the community (person characteristics), geographic or environmental factors (place), and a point in time (i.e., the present in comparison with the past and hope for future). Therefore, using the model, any item related to geographic boundaries, persons with shared goals, or a particular time would be correct. Options B, C, and D do not align with this model as they do not emphasize the core aspects of place, people, and time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals, reflecting a move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. This shift aligns with efforts to prevent disease and reduce costs, rather than focusing solely on acute care in centralized facilities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Individual behavior choices are responsible for about 50% of health outcomes, influenced by social and physical environments, making them a major factor compared to the number or quality of providers and officials.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Average increased life span over the past 100 years can be largely attributed to higher standards of living, better nutrition, a healthier environment, and having fewer children. Public health efforts such as immunization and medical care have also contributed.