ATI RN
microbiology an evolving science test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which bacteria is responsible for causing whooping cough?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium causes whooping cough by attaching to the respiratory tract and releasing toxins that lead to severe coughing fits. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, not whooping cough. Haemophilus influenzae can cause respiratory infections but not specifically whooping cough. Staphylococcus aureus is known for causing skin infections and not respiratory diseases like whooping cough. Therefore, the presence of Bordetella pertussis and its specific mechanism of causing whooping cough makes it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Bacteria that use oxygen, but only at low concentration, are classified as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: microaerophiles. These bacteria require oxygen to grow, but only at low concentrations as higher levels can be toxic. They possess enzymes to deal with reactive oxygen species. Obligate aerobes (A) require oxygen for growth, obligate anaerobes (C) cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, and aerotolerant anaerobes (D) can tolerate oxygen but do not use it for growth.
Question 3 of 5
Which is NOT an antigen-presenting cell (or APC)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Polymorphonuclear leukocyte. APCs are specialized immune cells that present antigens to T cells. B cells and dendritic cells are classic examples of APCs, as they can efficiently present antigens. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, such as neutrophils, are not considered traditional APCs because they are primarily involved in phagocytosis and killing of pathogens rather than antigen presentation. Therefore, they do not play a significant role in initiating adaptive immune responses. The incorrect choices are A (B cell) and C (Dendritic cell) because they are both well-known antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. Choice D (All of the above) is incorrect because B cells and dendritic cells are indeed antigen-presenting cells.
Question 4 of 5
Patients after transplantation of allogeneic stem cells are monitored periodically for reactivation of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: CMV. Patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are monitored for CMV reactivation due to its potential to cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals. CMV can lead to organ damage and even mortality in these patients. Monitoring for CMV reactivation allows for early detection and prompt intervention. Incorrect Choices: A: HAV - Hepatitis A virus reactivation is not commonly monitored in post-transplant patients. C: Rubella virus - Rubella is not a common concern for reactivation in this patient population. D: Measles virus - Measles reactivation is not typically monitored in these patients.
Question 5 of 5
Which one is an example of an immunomodulator:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B (Gamma Interferon) is the correct answer: 1. Gamma Interferon is a type of immunomodulator that helps regulate the immune response. 2. It activates macrophages and enhances the immune system's ability to fight infections. 3. Rifampin is an antibiotic, not an immunomodulator. 4. Hexacima and Pentaxim are combination vaccines, not immunomodulators. In summary, Gamma Interferon is the correct answer as it directly influences the immune response, while the other choices are not immunomodulators.