Which bacteria is known for causing the disease cholera?

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mcgraw hill microbiology test bank Questions

Question 1 of 9

Which bacteria is known for causing the disease cholera?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vibrio cholerae. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium that produces a toxin leading to severe watery diarrhea. Shigella dysenteriae causes dysentery, not cholera. Salmonella enterica causes salmonellosis, not cholera. Clostridium perfringens is associated with food poisoning, not cholera. In summary, Vibrio cholerae is the correct answer because it is the specific bacterium known to cause cholera, while the other choices are associated with different diseases.

Question 2 of 9

Which of the following is a key feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acid-fast cell wall. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is characterized by its unique cell wall composition, containing high levels of mycolic acids which make it acid-fast. This property allows it to resist decolorization during acid-fast staining procedures. This distinguishes it from other bacteria. A: Producing spores is not a key feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Spore formation is more commonly associated with bacterial species such as Bacillus and Clostridium. B: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not Gram-negative. It is classified as acid-fast Gram-positive. D: Mycobacterium tuberculosis does not produce toxins as a key feature. Its pathogenicity is more closely related to its ability to evade host immune responses and persist in host tissues.

Question 3 of 9

Most reliable test for detection of acute hepatitis A infection is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ELISA test for IgM anti-HAV in serum and HAV-Ag in stools. This test is the most reliable for detecting acute hepatitis A infection because IgM antibodies are produced early in the infection, indicating an active infection. Detection of HAV antigen in stools also confirms active viral shedding. A: Western blot assay for IgG anti-HAV in serum is not the most reliable for acute infection detection as IgG antibodies are produced later in the infection and indicate past exposure or immunity. C: ELISA test for IgG anti-HAV in serum is not the most reliable for acute infection detection as IgG antibodies are produced later in the infection and indicate past exposure or immunity. D: None of the above is incorrect as option B is the most appropriate choice for detecting acute hepatitis A infection.

Question 4 of 9

The causative agent of syphilis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Treponema pallidum. 1. Treponema pallidum is a spirochete bacterium known to cause syphilis. 2. Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease, not syphilis. 3. Leptospira interrogans causes leptospirosis, not syphilis. 4. Rickettsia rickettsii causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, not syphilis. Therefore, Treponema pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, making it the correct answer.

Question 5 of 9

Some of the basic requirements for the antibacterial chemotherapeutics are:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because antibacterial chemotherapeutics need to be maximally toxic to microorganisms, not lead to allergic reactions, be stable, and have a wide spectrum of activity to effectively treat bacterial infections. A is incorrect because maximum toxicity to bacteria can lead to harmful side effects in the body. B is incorrect because rapid disintegration and insolubility in water would hinder the drug's effectiveness. D is incorrect because the basic requirements for antibacterial chemotherapeutics are outlined in option C.

Question 6 of 9

4 days after a patient received a gunshot wound of the middle third of the thigh soft tissues his condition suddenly began deteriorating. There are complaints of bursting pain in the wound; pain increases during the last 12 hours. Edema of skin and hypodermic tissue quickly grows. Body temperature is 38,2oC, heart rate is 102/min. The wound edges gape, are dull in color; the muscles, viable as of day before, now protrude into the wound, look boiled, are dull in color, have dirty-grey coating and fall apart when being held with forceps. What infection has developed in the wound?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anaerobic infection. The sudden deterioration, bursting pain, edema, foul appearance of wound, and presence of gas are indicative of gas gangrene caused by anaerobic bacteria like Clostridium perfringens. These bacteria thrive in low oxygen environments, such as deep wound tissues. The symptoms align with the classic presentation of gas gangrene, necessitating immediate surgical intervention. Choice B: Aerobic gram-negative, is incorrect because anaerobic bacteria, not aerobic gram-negative bacteria, are responsible for gas gangrene. Choice C: Putrid, is incorrect as it is a general term referring to foul-smelling decay and does not specify the type of infection. Choice D: Aerobic gram-positive, is incorrect as gas gangrene is typically caused by anaerobic bacteria, not aerobic gram-positive bacteria.

Question 7 of 9

Which of the following is a major characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, which play a role in pathogenicity and resistance to certain antibiotics. This outer membrane is a distinguishing feature of Gram-negative bacteria, as opposed to Gram-positive bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan layer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer, do have a cell wall (although it is different from Gram-positive bacteria), and do not contain teichoic acids.

Question 8 of 9

Giardiasis is a waterborne gastrointestinal disease caused by Giardia intestinalis, which is a:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Giardiasis is caused by Giardia intestinalis, which is a well-known protozoan parasite. Step 2: Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotic organisms commonly found in water sources. Step 3: Giardia intestinalis infects the intestine, causing symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Step 4: Bacteria (Choice B) are prokaryotic organisms, different from protozoans. Step 5: Fungi (Choice C) are also eukaryotic but are not responsible for causing Giardiasis. Step 6: Viruses (Choice D) are not cellular and cannot independently cause Giardiasis. In summary, the correct answer is A (protozoan) because Giardia intestinalis is a protozoan parasite specifically known to cause Giardiasis, while the other choices (Bacterium, Fungus, Virus) do not match the characteristics of the

Question 9 of 9

A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is prescribed the most effective antituberculosis antibiotic. Name this drug:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rifampicin is the correct answer because it is a first-line antibiotic for treating pulmonary tuberculosis. It has excellent bactericidal activity and penetrates well into lung tissues where the infection is located. Rifampicin is also known for preventing the development of resistance. Tetracycline (A) and Furasolidone (B) are not commonly used for tuberculosis treatment. Bactrim (D) is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, not effective for tuberculosis treatment.

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