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free microbiology test bank questions pdf Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which bacteria are commonly associated with food poisoning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus aureus. Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin causing botulism, commonly associated with improperly canned foods. Staphylococcus aureus produces toxins causing symptoms of food poisoning. Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not typically associated with food poisoning. Treponema pallidum and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are bacteria causing sexually transmitted infections. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are not directly linked to food poisoning.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following pathogens can cause meningitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for choice C (Strep. pneumoniae): 1. Strep. pneumoniae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis. 2. It is a leading pathogen responsible for meningitis in adults and children. 3. It can invade the bloodstream and reach the meninges, causing inflammation. 4. Treatment guidelines often include antibiotics effective against Strep. pneumoniae. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A. Staph. aureus is not a common cause of meningitis. B. Strep. pyogenes typically causes streptococcal infections but not meningitis. D. "None of the above" is incorrect as Strep. pneumoniae can cause meningitis.
Question 3 of 9
Which of the following bacteria is known for causing the disease known as whooping cough?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium is known for causing whooping cough due to its ability to produce toxins that damage the respiratory tract, leading to severe coughing fits. Clostridium tetani causes tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae can cause respiratory infections but not whooping cough, and Staphylococcus aureus is more commonly associated with skin infections. Therefore, A is the correct choice based on its specific association with the disease in question.
Question 4 of 9
A pregnant woman applied to a doctor with complaints typical for toxoplasmosis. The doctor took a sample of her blood. What serological tests should be performed in this case?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct serological test for diagnosing toxoplasmosis is the Complement Binding Assay (A) because it detects antibodies specific to the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. This test is highly sensitive and specific for toxoplasmosis. Choice B, Precipitation test, is not used for toxoplasmosis diagnosis but rather for other diseases like syphilis. Choice C, Neutralization test, is not specific for toxoplasmosis and is used for other types of infections. Choice D, Widal's test, is used for diagnosing typhoid fever and is not relevant for toxoplasmosis. In summary, the correct answer (A) is specific to toxoplasmosis, while the other choices are used for different diseases and are not suitable for diagnosing toxoplasmosis.
Question 5 of 9
A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a long time has developed candidosis of mucous membranes. What drug shoul administered for its treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Itraconazole. Itraconazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat candidosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This action disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell death. Griseofulvin (B) is primarily used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails, not mucous membranes. Nitrofungin (C) is not commonly used for candidosis treatment. Amphotericin (D) is a potent antifungal medication but is typically reserved for severe or systemic fungal infections due to its potential side effects.
Question 6 of 9
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code for protein synthesis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mRNA. mRNA carries the genetic code from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs. It serves as a template for protein synthesis by specifying the order of amino acids. tRNA (choice B) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. rRNA (choice C) is a structural component of ribosomes. snRNA (choice D) is involved in RNA processing and splicing, not protein synthesis. Therefore, choice A is correct as it directly carries the genetic code for protein synthesis.
Question 7 of 9
A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for control of wound textile contamination by anaerobes?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kitt-Tarozzi. This medium contains blood and hemin, which are essential nutrients for the growth of anaerobes. Blood provides a source of iron, while hemin stimulates the growth of anaerobes. This combination creates an environment conducive for the isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms. B: Endo and C: Roux are selective media primarily used for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria and not specifically designed for anaerobes. D: Sabouraud's is a medium used for the cultivation of fungi, not anaerobes. In summary, Kitt-Tarozzi is the correct choice due to its specific nutrient composition that supports the growth of anaerobes, unlike the other options which are not suitable for this purpose.
Question 8 of 9
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing gonorrhea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This bacterium is responsible for causing gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted bacterium that infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract. It is known for causing symptoms such as painful urination and discharge. Chlamydia trachomatis (choice A) is another sexually transmitted bacterium but is not responsible for gonorrhea. Treponema pallidum (choice C) causes syphilis, not gonorrhea. Escherichia coli (choice D) is a common bacterium found in the gut and is not associated with causing gonorrhea. Therefore, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the correct answer for this question.
Question 9 of 9
The so-called “red tide†is generally caused by which of the following organisms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dinoflagellates. Red tides are caused by the rapid growth of certain species of dinoflagellates, which are single-celled algae. These algae produce toxins that can harm marine life and humans. Lichens (A) are not associated with red tides. While some bacteria (B) can contribute to harmful algal blooms, they are not the primary cause of red tides. Pfiesteria (C) is a type of harmful algal species, but it is not the main organism responsible for red tides. Therefore, the correct answer is dinoflagellates (D) due to their ability to cause red tides through toxin production.