ATI RN
microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which bacteria are capable of forming spores to survive extreme conditions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Both Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus anthracis are known to form spores. 2. Spore formation is a mechanism for survival in harsh conditions. 3. Both bacteria are capable of causing severe diseases in humans. Summary: - Choice A and B are incorrect because each bacteria listed is capable of spore formation. - Choice D is incorrect as both bacteria mentioned can form spores to survive extreme conditions.
Question 2 of 9
Bacillus cereus may cause?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bacillus cereus is known to cause food poisoning due to the production of toxins in contaminated food. It is not the causative agent of anthrax or endocarditis. The correct answer is B because Bacillus cereus is commonly associated with foodborne illnesses, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It's essential to understand the specific characteristics and pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus to differentiate it from other bacterial infections.
Question 3 of 9
Each of the following statements concerning gram-negative rods is correct EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A is incorrect because whooping cough resurgence is mainly due to decreased vaccine immunity, not changing antigenicity. B is correct as P. aeruginosa can indeed cause infections with blue-green pus due to its pigment production. C is correct as H. influenzae type b capsule is a virulence factor contributing to invasive disease. D is correct as Legionella infection is acquired via inhalation of contaminated water aerosols. Therefore, A is incorrect as the rise in whooping cough is not due to changing antigenicity but vaccine immunity decline.
Question 4 of 9
Which of the following is a key feature of anaerobic bacteria?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because anaerobic bacteria can grow in environments without oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen for their metabolism and energy production. They can thrive in oxygen-deprived conditions by using alternative electron acceptors. Choice A is incorrect because anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to survive. Choice C is incorrect because anaerobic bacteria typically cannot survive in the presence of high concentrations of oxygen. Choice D is incorrect because anaerobic bacteria do not perform photosynthesis.
Question 5 of 9
The actual genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: genotype. The genotype refers to the actual genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes and alleles present in its DNA. This determines the traits and characteristics of an organism. Phenotype (A) is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. Conjugation (C) is a process in bacteria involving the transfer of genetic material. Construct (D) is not a term related to genetics. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it specifically refers to the genetic composition of an organism.
Question 6 of 9
Structures and organs of the immune system are lymphatic system, lymphoid tissue, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The structures and organs listed are indeed part of the immune system. The lymphatic system transports lymph, lymphoid tissue contains immune cells, lymph nodes filter lymph, thymus matures T-cells, and spleen filters blood and produces immune cells. This comprehensive network is crucial for defending the body against pathogens. Choice B is incorrect as all listed structures are components of the immune system. Choice C is also incorrect as the statement is universally true, not situational. Choice D is incorrect as the correct answer is A.
Question 7 of 9
Boiling items in water for __________ minutes will kill most vegetative bacteria and viruses.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (15-Oct) because boiling items for at least 15 minutes is necessary to effectively kill most vegetative bacteria and viruses. This duration ensures that the water reaches a high enough temperature to destroy harmful microorganisms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not provide a sufficient amount of time for the water to reach the necessary temperature to effectively kill bacteria and viruses. Shorter durations may not be effective in ensuring food safety.
Question 8 of 9
The stain used to identify bacteria with a large amount of peptidoglycan in their cell walls is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Negative stain. Negative staining uses acidic dyes which are repelled by the bacterial cell wall components, highlighting bacteria with a large amount of peptidoglycan. Acid-fast stain (A) is used to identify Mycobacterium species with waxy cell walls. Gram stain (B) differentiates bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall composition. Option D is a duplicate of option C and is incorrect.
Question 9 of 9
The nucleocapsid of viruses consists of:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The nucleocapsid is the structure containing the viral genome and the protein capsid. Step 2: The genome carries the genetic material of the virus. Step 3: The capsid is the protein coat that encloses and protects the viral genome. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is C: Genome and capsid. Summary: A: Capsid and spikes - Incorrect, spikes are not part of the nucleocapsid. B: Genome and envelop - Incorrect, the envelop is not part of the nucleocapsid. D: Capsid and envelope - Incorrect, the envelope is not part of the nucleocapsid.