ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which assessment finding, by the nurse, is a priority concern when a client receives pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine's sympathomimetic action risks dysrhythmias, making an irregular heart rate a priority concern for immediate reporting. Fever , respiratory rate , and dry mouth are less urgent. C aligns with cardiovascular risks, making it the priority.
Question 2 of 5
Of the following salicylates, which does not exhibit an analgesic effects:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylic acid, which is the parent compound of the salicylate drug class, does not exhibit analgesic effects. In order to have analgesic effects, such as pain relief, salicylic acid needs to be modified into derivatives like acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin), sodium salicylate, salicylamide, and diflunisal. These derivatives possess analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties due to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) and subsequently decrease prostaglandin production.
Question 3 of 5
What type of diuretic is furosemide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic. Loop diuretics act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes such as potassium and calcium. Loop diuretics are potent and are often used to treat conditions like edema, heart failure, and hypertension. Furosemide is commonly utilized to manage conditions such as congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, and edema associated with certain medical conditions.
Question 4 of 5
Which antipsychotic has the most sedative potential and is sometimes questionably used as a hypnotic agent in certain clinical settings?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quetiapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, has strong histamine H1 antagonism, conferring potent sedation, especially at low doses. This property leads to off-label use as a hypnotic in insomnia, though controversial due to metabolic risks. Fluphenazine and haloperidol, high-potency first-generation drugs, lack sedation, focusing on D2 blockade. Thiothixene, mid-potency, has minimal sedative effects. Iloperidone is less sedating. Quetiapine's antihistaminic action, backed by clinical practice, makes it the most sedative antipsychotic, often leveraged for sleep despite primary indications.
Question 5 of 5
The patient comes to the emergency department following an overdose of aspirin, an acidic drug. What will the best plan of the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspirin overdose, an acidic drug, causes metabolic acidosis; sodium bicarbonate alkalinizes urine, enhancing excretion by ionizing aspirin, reducing toxicity. IV fluids support hydration but don't target pH. Ammonium chloride acidifies, worsening acidosis. Proteins don't bind aspirin effectively in this context-albumin's role is minimal. Bicarbonate addresses salicylate poisoning directly, a standard emergency approach.