Which assessment data would the nurse identify as having the most effect on drug metabolism?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: History of liver disease. The liver plays a crucial role in drug metabolism. Any dysfunction or damage to the liver, such as in liver disease, can significantly affect the metabolism of drugs, leading to altered drug levels in the body. This can result in potential toxicity or reduced efficacy of medications. In contrast, choices B, C, and D do not have a direct impact on drug metabolism like liver disease does. A vegetarian diet, sedentary lifestyle, or being a teacher do not specifically influence the liver's ability to metabolize drugs. Thus, history of liver disease is the most critical assessment data to consider in understanding drug metabolism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluconazole. This is because fluconazole is a systemic antifungal medication commonly used to treat systemic fungal infections. It has a broad spectrum of activity and is well-absorbed orally, making it suitable for systemic therapy. Amphotericin B (choice A) is used for severe systemic fungal infections due to its high toxicity. Nystatin (choice B) is primarily used topically for mucocutaneous candidiasis. Flucytosine (choice D) is used in combination therapy for systemic fungal infections, but fluconazole is typically preferred for initial therapy due to its lower toxicity profile and ease of administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Terbinafine. 1. Terbinafine is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat fungal infections like athlete's foot or nail fungus, which are often treated orally. 2. Acyclovir (A) is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections, not fungal infections. 3. Metronidazole (B) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections. 4. Vancomycin (D) is also an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections. Therefore, Terbinafine is the most appropriate choice for treating the patient's fungal infection orally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Warfarin. Warfarin is commonly prescribed for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation due to its ability to prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting clotting factors. Aspirin is less effective than warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used for rate control in atrial fibrillation but does not directly prevent stroke. Heparin is a short-acting anticoagulant not typically used for long-term stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication that works by binding to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone, inhibiting osteoclast function and reducing bone resorption. This leads to increased bone mineral density and decreased risk of fractures in osteoporosis. Choices B and C are incorrect because alendronate does not directly promote osteoblast activity or increase calcium absorption in the intestines. Choice D is incorrect because alendronate does not inhibit the production of parathyroid hormone.