Which artery generally gives rise to inferior thyroid artery?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The inferior thyroid artery typically arises from the thyrocervical trunk. 2. The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery. 3. This artery supplies blood to the thyroid gland. 4. The external carotid artery and internal carotid artery do not give rise to the inferior thyroid artery. 5. The brachiocephalic trunk does not directly supply blood to the thyroid gland. In conclusion, the correct answer is D because the thyrocervical trunk is the main artery that gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery, providing blood supply to the thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin and glucagon are both hormones secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels. Insulin is secreted by beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake by cells. Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose levels, stimulating the release of stored glucose. Choices A and C are incorrect because insulin is secreted by beta cells, not glucagon, and they are secreted in response to high, not low, glucose levels. Choice B is incorrect because insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is associated with producing hormones related to sugar (glucocorticoids), salt (mineralocorticoids), and sex (androgens). Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism, mineralocorticoids regulate salt balance, and androgens are sex hormones. The pancreas primarily regulates blood sugar levels. The parathyroid gland is responsible for calcium and phosphorus balance, not sugar, salt, and sex. The neurohypophysis is part of the pituitary gland and mainly regulates water balance and blood pressure, not specifically sugar, salt, and sex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Releasing hormones. Releasing hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and travel through the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries to reach the anterior pituitary gland. This is where they stimulate the release of specific hormones. Gonadotropins (A) are produced by the anterior pituitary gland, not found within the portal capillaries. Catecholamines (C) are produced by the adrenal glands, not within the portal capillaries. Mineralocorticoids (D) are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, not found within the portal capillaries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The neurohypophysis is the posterior pituitary gland. 2. It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. 3. These hormones include oxytocin and vasopressin. 4. These hormones regulate water balance, blood pressure, and uterine contractions. 5. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the neurohypophysis. Summary: A: Incorrect - Anterior pituitary gland is not the neurohypophysis. B: Incorrect - These hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. C: Incorrect - Releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, not the neurohypophysis.