Which areas should be targeted by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to successfully establish a program to decrease childhood mortality rates?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vaccine-preventable diseases. Childhood mortality rates can be significantly reduced by targeting vaccine-preventable diseases through immunization programs. Vaccines are proven to be effective in preventing illnesses such as measles, polio, and whooping cough. By focusing on vaccination efforts, the community health nurse can directly impact reducing childhood mortality rates. Rationale: 1. Vaccines are highly effective in preventing various diseases that can lead to childhood mortality. 2. Immunization programs have been successful in decreasing the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. 3. Targeting vaccine-preventable diseases aligns with evidence-based practices for reducing childhood mortality rates. Summary: A: Accidents and injuries - While important, targeting accidents and injuries alone may not directly impact childhood mortality rates as significantly as preventing diseases through vaccination. B: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - AIDS primarily affects adults, so targeting this may not be as effective in reducing childhood mortality rates. C: Childhood obesity

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary prevention and early detection. Primary prevention strategies, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding risk factors, can help reduce the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Early detection through screening tests can lead to timely diagnosis and treatment, improving long-term survival rates. Providing information and chemotherapy (C) is important for treatment but not the key factor for improving survival. Prevention of infections and smoking cessation (D) are important for overall health but not directly related to improving long-term survival in colorectal cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary reason for the existence of challenges in family nursing related to family functions and structures is that they continue to change over time (Choice A). This is because as societal norms, values, and dynamics evolve, families also adapt and transform. This ongoing evolution can lead to complexities in understanding and addressing the unique needs of each family unit. Choice B is incorrect because while not all families may fit a traditional mold, the concepts of function and structure still apply to most family units. Choice C is incorrect as not having a family does not negate the challenges faced by those who do have families. Choice D is incorrect as traditional families may be less common but are not necessarily rare, and even non-traditional families face challenges related to their functions and structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because reviewing important points of teaching discussed during the visit ensures that the teenage parents have understood and retained the information provided. This step helps reinforce learning, promote compliance with recommendations, and assess the parents' readiness and ability to care for their baby. A: Determining the family's willingness for home visits is important but not specific to terminating the visit. B: Establishing the purpose of the visit should have been done at the beginning, not at the end. D: Reviewing the family record and reason for referral is important but not necessary before ending the visit.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The hazardous task area of the MMFF deals with managing crises like illness and job loss because it focuses on stressors that can disrupt family functioning. Illness and job loss are significant stressors that can impact the family system. Buying a house (choice A) is related to financial stability but not specifically addressed by the hazardous task area. Pregnancy (choice B) is a significant event but is not necessarily a crisis unless it poses health risks. Marriage (choice C) is a key aspect of family functioning but is not considered a crisis in the context of the hazardous task area. Overall, managing crises like illness and job loss directly aligns with the purpose of the hazardous task area in the MMFF.