ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular NCLEX Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which are the most serious complications for a child with Kawasaki disease? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In Kawasaki disease, the most serious complication for a child is coronary thrombosis (Option A). This is because Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. Coronary thrombosis can lead to myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and even sudden death in severe cases. Hypocoagulability (Option B) is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is actually associated with a hypercoagulable state due to systemic inflammation and damage to the blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis rather than hypocoagulability. Decreased sedimentation time (ESR) (Option C) is incorrect as well because Kawasaki disease is associated with significantly elevated ESR due to the inflammatory nature of the condition. A high ESR is actually a diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki disease. Coronary stenosis (Option D) is a potential complication of Kawasaki disease, but it is not as immediately life-threatening as coronary thrombosis. While coronary stenosis can lead to long-term cardiovascular issues, it is not as acutely dangerous as thrombosis. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the potential complications of Kawasaki disease to provide appropriate care and monitoring for affected children. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of coronary involvement, such as thrombosis, is essential for early intervention and prevention of serious cardiac events.
Question 2 of 5
The parents of a child, age 6, who will begin school in the fall ask the nurse for anticipatory guidance. The nurse should explain that a child of this age:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Is highly sensitive to criticism. A child at the age of 6 is in the stage of development where they are beginning to develop a sense of self and are sensitive to criticism. Providing anticipatory guidance to the parents on this aspect is crucial for understanding the child's emotional and psychological needs. Option A) Still depends on the parents is incorrect because by the age of 6, children are starting to gain more independence and autonomy. Option B) Rebels against scheduled activities is not typically characteristic of a 6-year-old child. They may resist at times, but it is not a defining trait. Option D) Loves to tattle is also not a typical behavior for a 6-year-old. While children at this age may engage in tattling, it is not a universal behavior. In an educational context, understanding the emotional and developmental stages of children is essential for pediatric nurses. Providing anticipatory guidance to parents helps them support their child's growth and development effectively. By knowing what to expect at different ages, parents can better navigate challenges and nurture their child's well-being.
Question 3 of 5
A parent brings a toddler, age 19 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. When palpating the toddler’s fontanels, what should the nurse expects to find?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding fontanel assessment is crucial as it provides valuable information about an infant's intracranial pressure and brain development. In this case, the correct answer is C) Closed anterior and posterior fontanels for a 19-month-old toddler. The anterior fontanel typically closes around 18 months of age, which is consistent with the child's age in this scenario. The closure of the anterior fontanel indicates proper brain growth and development. The posterior fontanel, located at the back of the head, closes much earlier in infancy. Option A) Closed anterior fontanel and open posterior fontanel is incorrect because the posterior fontanel should be closed by this age. Option B) Open anterior fontanel and closed posterior fontanel is also incorrect as both fontanels should be closed at 19 months. Option D) Open anterior and posterior fontanels is incorrect as both fontanels should be closed in a toddler of 19 months. Understanding fontanel closure timelines is essential in pediatric nursing to monitor normal growth and development, identify abnormalities early, and provide appropriate care and interventions.
Question 4 of 5
Nurse Roy is administering total parental nutrition (TPN) through a peripheral I.V. line to a school-age child. What’s the smallest amount of glucose that’s considered safe and not caustic to small veins, while also providing adequate TPN?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, administering TPN through a peripheral I.V. line requires careful consideration of the glucose concentration to prevent vein irritation or damage. The correct answer is B) 10% glucose because it is the smallest concentration that provides adequate nutrition without causing irritation to small veins. Option A) 5% glucose is too dilute to provide sufficient TPN support, especially for a school-age child who may have higher nutritional needs. Option C) 15% and D) 17% glucose concentrations are too concentrated and can be caustic to small veins, leading to phlebitis or thrombophlebitis. Educationally, understanding the appropriate glucose concentration for TPN in pediatric patients is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Nurses must be aware of the potential complications of incorrect glucose concentrations to ensure optimal patient outcomes. This knowledge helps in providing quality care and preventing harm to pediatric patients receiving TPN through peripheral lines.
Question 5 of 5
Nurse Alice is providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a child, age 4. the nurse should:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric CPR, using the heel of one hand for sternal compressions (Option D) is correct because it allows for appropriate force and depth while minimizing the risk of causing injury to the child. This technique is recommended by the American Heart Association for infants and children. Option A is incorrect because using both hands for compressions is preferred in adult CPR, not pediatric CPR. Option B is incorrect as the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for pediatric CPR is 30:2. Option C is incorrect as one-person CPR is standard practice in pediatric resuscitation unless another trained rescuer is available. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the nuances of pediatric CPR to provide effective and safe care to children in emergency situations. Proper technique ensures optimal outcomes and reduces the risk of complications during resuscitation efforts. Training and practice in pediatric CPR are essential for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations.