Which antiseizure drug is particularly effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is the first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia due to its efficacy in reducing nerve firing and alleviating neuropathic pain. It works by blocking sodium channels in neurons. Lamotrigine (A) is more commonly used for epilepsy. Topiramate (C) is effective for migraine prevention but less so for trigeminal neuralgia. Valproate (D) is not typically used for trigeminal neuralgia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thromboembolism. Aspirin is commonly used prophylactically to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of thromboembolic events, such as heart attacks and strokes. It inhibits platelet aggregation, making it effective in preventing clot formation. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (A), peptic ulcers (B), and metabolic acidosis (D) are not conditions for which aspirin is typically used prophylactically. Pulmonary edema is treated with diuretics, peptic ulcers with proton pump inhibitors, and metabolic acidosis with appropriate fluid and electrolyte management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) because it specifically targets the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin available for neurotransmission. Phenelzine (A) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Desipramine (B) is a tricyclic antidepressant, and Maprotiline (C) is a tetracyclic antidepressant. These medications work through different mechanisms than SSRIs and do not specifically target serotonin reuptake. Therefore, they are not classified as SSRIs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Caffeine. Caffeine acts centrally mainly by blocking adenosine receptors. Adenosine normally inhibits the release of neurotransmitters, but when adenosine receptors are blocked by caffeine, this inhibition is reduced, leading to increased alertness and wakefulness. Meridil (A), Amphetamine (C), and Sydnophen (D) do not primarily act by blocking adenosine receptors. Meridil is a sympathomimetic amine, Amphetamine is a psychostimulant that primarily acts by increasing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, and Sydnophen is a stimulant drug.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antipsychotic drugs. Narco- and glue sniffing involve inhalation of substances for their mind-altering effects. Antipsychotic drugs are not typically abused for recreational purposes due to their sedative effects and lack of euphoria. Stimulants (choice A), psychedelics (choice C), and sedative drugs (choice D) are commonly misused for their psychoactive properties, leading to addiction and harmful effects on the body. Therefore, antipsychotic drugs do not fit the profile of substances commonly associated with narco- and glue sniffing.