Which antibiotic is not recommended as first line therapy for the associated bug?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this NCLEX question on infection prevention and control, the correct answer is option C) chlamydia pneumoniae - doxycycline. Doxycycline is the recommended first-line therapy for chlamydia pneumoniae infections due to its effectiveness against this specific pathogen. The other options, A) legionella - erythromycin, B) chlamydia psittaci - doxycycline, and D) mycoplasma pneumoniae - roxithromycin, are incorrect. Option A is incorrect because erythromycin is the first-line treatment for Legionella infections, not contraindicated. Option B is incorrect as doxycycline is the preferred treatment for Chlamydia psittaci infections. Option D is incorrect as roxithromycin is commonly used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate antibiotic therapies for specific pathogens is crucial in infection prevention and control. Healthcare professionals need to be knowledgeable about which antibiotics are most effective against different types of bacteria to ensure proper treatment and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. This question challenges students to apply their knowledge of antibiotic therapy in the context of specific bacterial infections, preparing them for real-world clinical scenarios.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Absence of fever and cervical excitation excludes diagnosis. This statement is accurate because Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs and typically presents with symptoms such as fever and cervical tenderness upon examination. The absence of these key symptoms would indeed make the diagnosis of PID less likely. Option A) Trichomonas and Gardnerella being the commonest organisms is incorrect as PID is usually caused by sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Option B) Associating PID with irregular menstruation is an inaccurate statement. While PID can lead to menstrual irregularities as a secondary effect, it is not a defining characteristic of the condition. Educational Context: Understanding the key clinical manifestations of PID is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals, especially when assessing and diagnosing patients presenting with symptoms of pelvic pain or abnormal vaginal discharge. Recognizing the typical signs of PID, such as fever and cervical tenderness, can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications like infertility or chronic pelvic pain. It is essential for nursing students preparing for exams like the NCLEX to grasp these nuances in infection prevention and control to provide safe and effective care to their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infection prevention and control are critical aspects of healthcare, especially in hospital settings where vulnerable patients are at risk of acquiring infections. The correct answer is D) All of the above. A) Routine monitoring is essential to track infection rates, identify trends, and evaluate the effectiveness of control measures. It involves regular surveillance of healthcare-associated infections to ensure early detection and prompt intervention. B) Occurrence of outbreaks refers to sudden spikes in infection rates within a hospital setting. Investigating outbreaks is crucial to contain the spread, identify the source of infection, and implement control measures to prevent further transmission. C) Strain typing involves analyzing the genetic makeup of infectious agents to determine if multiple cases are linked and to track the transmission pathways. This information is valuable in identifying clusters of infections and implementing targeted control strategies. Choosing any option other than D would be incorrect as each investigation plays a vital role in infection control practices within hospitals. Understanding these investigations is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses preparing for the NCLEX exam, as they are at the forefront of patient care and have a direct impact on preventing infections and ensuring patient safety. By recognizing the significance of routine monitoring, outbreak investigations, and strain typing, nurses can contribute effectively to infection control efforts and promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of wound infections, option D is correct because it combines two essential components of wound management. Proper wound management, as stated in option B, involves thorough cleaning and debridement to remove debris and reduce the risk of infection. The presence of foreign bodies, as mentioned in option C, can indeed increase the risk of infection by providing a medium for bacterial growth. Option A is incorrect because while prophylactic antibiotics may be necessary in some cases, they are not always the best approach and should be used judiciously to prevent antibiotic resistance. Additionally, tetanus antitoxin is specifically for tetanus prevention and is not a universal solution for wound infections. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to understand the principles of wound management to prevent and control infections effectively. Emphasizing the importance of proper wound cleaning, debridement, and the impact of foreign bodies can help in enhancing clinical practice and ultimately improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of wound infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of infection prevention and control, proper disposal of sharps is crucial to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries and transmission of infections. The correct answer, option C - "Use gloves during disposal," is the exception because gloves should not be worn during the disposal of sharps. Wearing gloves during disposal can increase the risk of accidental needlesticks as the sense of touch is diminished, and the individual may not have full control and dexterity. Option A, avoiding recapping, is important to prevent needlestick injuries. Recapping needles increases the risk of accidental needlesticks. Option B, disposing of sharps in puncture-resistant containers, is essential to ensure safe containment and proper disposal of sharps to prevent injuries. Option D, not attempting to detach needle syringes, is also crucial as attempting to detach needles can lead to accidental needlesticks. Educationally, it is vital for healthcare professionals to understand and follow proper protocols for the disposal of sharps to maintain a safe environment for themselves, colleagues, and patients. Reinforcing these practices through education and training can help reduce the incidence of needlestick injuries and promote a culture of safety in healthcare settings.