Which antibiotic course is inappropriate for clinical scenario?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Male cystitis treatment with Augmentin/trimethoprim for 14 days is excessive 7 days suffices (e.g., complicated UTI risk higher, but not this long), inappropriate. Trimethoprim 3 days for female cystitis standard, short-course. Pyelonephritis with IV gentamicin/amoxicillin then 7-day Augmentin reasonable step-down. Nitrofurantoin in pregnancy (dose likely typo, 50-100 mg typical) for 7-14 days acceptable. Male duration overreach distinguishes it, key to guideline-based therapy, unlike appropriate regimens.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 12-18 years is the peak for testicular torsion pubertal growth (bell-clapper deformity) increases risk, most common. <10 years occurs less frequent. 20-25 wanes still possible. 30-50 is rare adult decline. Adolescent predominance distinguishes it, critical for emergency recognition, unlike younger or older groups.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Plain AXR has marginal value in renal colic not cost-effective, replaced by non-contrast CT (~95% sensitivity). Always doing it wastes resources CT superior. Majority shown (~80%) still misses urate. Low sensitivity (~50-60%) is true but not the full reason CT rules. Marginal utility distinguishes it, key to modern imaging shift, unlike routine or partial truths.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ~60% renal function (GFR) can be lost with normal creatinine compensatory hypertrophy masks decline (e.g., GFR 120 to 50 mL/min), nonlinear rise. 20-50% underestimates creatinine lags. 60% distinguishes it, critical for early CKD detection, unlike lower estimates.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac causes top CRF deaths accelerated atherosclerosis, fluid overload (e.g., CHF) from uremia, outstrip sepsis (immunosuppression), CVA (stroke), and malignancy (late risk). Cardiac predominance distinguishes it, key to CRF mortality, unlike infection or other complications.