Which among the following is TRUE about mother and child health in the Philippines (among ASEAN) that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law? I. Fastest decline in maternal mortality rate II. Number one highest in infant mortality rate III. Fastest rising HIV/AIDS IV. Highest TB burden

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: I, II, III. This choice highlights the aspects about mother and child health in the Philippines that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law. I. The Philippines has shown a fast decline in maternal mortality rate, indicating progress in improving maternal health outcomes, which aligns with the goals of the Universal Health Law to enhance healthcare access and quality for mothers. II. The country still faces challenges with the highest infant mortality rate in ASEAN, indicating a need for focused interventions to improve newborn care and reduce infant deaths, a crucial area of focus for the Universal Health Law. III. The fast-rising HIV/AIDS rates in the Philippines necessitate comprehensive strategies for prevention, treatment, and support, which can be integrated into the Universal Health Law's framework for addressing communicable diseases. Option A (II, III, IV), B (I, II), and D (III, IV) are incorrect because they do not capture the comprehensive picture of the health challenges related to mother and child health in the Philippines that the Universal Health Law aims to address. Understanding these specific health indicators is vital for healthcare practitioners to advocate for and contribute to improving maternal and child health outcomes in the country.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option A indicates an understanding of the normal psychosocial development of preschoolers. It reflects the fact that during this stage, children may demonstrate frustration and have temper tantrums as they strive for independence and attempt to do things by themselves. This behavior is a common part of their development as they learn self-control, autonomy, and decision-making skills. The other options do not directly relate to normal preschooler development but rather touch upon separate issues such as separation anxiety, possessiveness, and social behaviors that are not necessarily abnormal for preschoolers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Continuing Professional Development such as post-graduate study is the best strategy among the options provided for addressing short staffing in the hospital. By encouraging nurses to pursue post-graduate studies, Chief Nurse Cirila is investing in the long-term growth and development of her nursing workforce. Post-graduate studies can enhance the knowledge, skills, and expertise of nurses, making them more competent in their roles. This can lead to improved patient care outcomes, increased job satisfaction among nurses, and ultimately help in retaining and attracting talent in the hospital. Additionally, supporting nurses in their professional development can boost morale and motivation, which are crucial factors in addressing short staffing issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The term "collaborative" best fits the situation where a member of the Research Committee wishes to conduct a study involving an interdisciplinary team of colleagues. Collaboration refers to individuals, in this case, researchers or professionals from different disciplines coming together, sharing their expertise, and working collectively towards a common goal or project. In an interdisciplinary study, involving a collaborative approach enhances the diversity of perspectives, skills, and knowledge brought to the research, leading to more comprehensive and well-rounded outcomes. This type of study fosters cooperation, communication, and synergy among team members, thereby promoting innovation and understanding across different areas of expertise.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) II and III: 0.9% sodium chloride and Lactated Ringer's solution. These isotonic electrolyte solutions are commonly used in hypovolemic shock because they help restore circulating blood volume and electrolyte balance. 0.9% sodium chloride is isotonic and closely resembles the electrolyte composition of extracellular fluid, making it an effective choice for volume resuscitation. Lactated Ringer's solution contains electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, and lactate) that closely mimic those found in plasma, making it beneficial for fluid replacement in shock states. Incorrect options: - I) Dextrose 5% in water is hypotonic and primarily used for hydration or to provide calories, not for volume resuscitation in shock. - IV) Dextrose 10% in water is hypertonic and primarily used for providing calories or as a concentrated energy source, not for volume resuscitation in shock. Educational context: Understanding the appropriate use of isotonic solutions in different clinical scenarios, like hypovolemic shock, is critical for nurses to provide effective patient care. Mastery of pharmacology concepts, like fluid and electrolyte balance, is essential for safe medication administration and patient outcomes in adult health nursing practice.