Which activity should an adolescent recently diagnosed with epilepsy avoid?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Being in a car at night should be avoided, per epilepsy safety. Light reflections may trigger seizur(photic sensitivity). Swimming is safe supervised; exertion and school arent triggers. Bs risk makes itthe correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Flat in the crib is best post-VP shunt, per neurosurgery protocols, avoiding rapid CSF drainage and pressure shifts. Semi-Fowler and 90° are gradual; Trendelenburg risks ICP. Bs stability makes itthe correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Midbrain . Mesencephalon is a term derived from Greek (meso meaning middle, encephalon meaning brain), and it refers to the midbrain, a region of the brainstem located between the forebrain (prosencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). The midbrain is involved in functions like vision, hearing, and motor control. Choice A, Pons, is incorrect because the pons is part of the metencephalon, not the mesencephalon. Choice B, Cerebellum, is also wrong as it is another structure of the metencephalon, responsible for coordination and balance, not the midbrain. Choice D, Medulla, refers to the medulla oblongata, part of the myelencephalon, located below the midbrain, making it an incorrect choice. Thus, Midbrain directly corresponds to Mesencephalon, making C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Denticulate ligaments attach the outer two meningeal layers to the spinal cord . The denticulate ligaments are extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater (the outermost meningeal layer), stabilizing it within the vertebral canal. Choice A is incorrect because the dura mater extends to S2, not L2. Choice B is wrong as the filum terminale externum is a continuation of the dura mater, not pia mater (the filum terminale internum is pia-derived). Choice C is incorrect because a lumbar puncture typically penetratthe dura and arachnoid mater to access the subarachnoid space, but not the pia mater, which adherto the spinal cord. Thus, D accurately describthe role of denticulate ligaments in connecting the pia to the dura, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord is called the conus medullaris , which is false. The lumbosacral enlargement (L1-S3) is a widened region of the spinal cord for lower limb innervation, while the conus medullaris is the tapered end of the cord, typically at L1-L2. Choice A is true (8 cervical segments exist). Choice C is correct (somatic motor neuron cell bodiare in the ventral horn). Choice D is accurate (5 pairs of sacral nerves). Thus, B misnamthe lumbosacral enlargement as the conus medullaris, making it the false statement and the correct answer.