Which actions could be taken by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to provide secondary prevention to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because giving a presentation on the importance of exercise and physical fitness aligns with secondary prevention strategies for obesity. This educational approach aims to raise awareness and promote healthy behaviors to prevent obesity rather than treating existing cases. It focuses on early intervention and educating children on healthy habits. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because designing a game or weighing students do not directly address preventive measures for obesity. Putting students on a diet without proper assessment or medical supervision can be harmful and is not recommended as a primary approach in a school setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Caring. Caring is the central concept in nursing as it forms the foundation of the nurse-patient relationship and influences all aspects of patient care. Nurses provide holistic care by addressing the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients. Compassionate care enhances patient outcomes and promotes healing. Explanation for other choices: A: Adapting to technology is important, but it is not the central concept in nursing. Technology supports nursing practice but does not replace the human connection and empathy that caring provides. C: Distinguishing nursing care from medical care is important, but it is not the central concept. While nursing care has its unique focus, caring remains the core value that distinguishes nursing from other healthcare professions. D: Seeking evidence-based outcomes is crucial for quality care, but it is a methodological approach rather than the central concept. Caring guides the application of evidence-based practices to ensure patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because case management is focused on providing individualized care coordination and support to specific clients to help them navigate the healthcare system effectively. This distinguishes it from managed care, which is more about organizing and financing healthcare services for a broader population. Choices A and D are incorrect because case management is not limited to health maintenance organizations or monitoring health status for an aggregate. Choice B is incorrect because case management can be aimed at various populations, not just a specific segment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Poverty. Poverty is the primary determining factor of poor health outcomes in women due to its impact on access to healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions. Lack of resources can lead to inadequate medical care, unhealthy food choices, and increased exposure to environmental hazards. Feelings of powerlessness and stress can be byproducts of living in poverty, but poverty itself is the root cause. Lack of knowledge may contribute to poor health outcomes, but it is not the primary factor like poverty.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The client. In this scenario, the client is the host of the communicable disease as they are the source of the infection. The nurses contracted the disease from the client, making the client the primary host. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Each sick nurse - The sick nurses are not the host but rather the secondary hosts who contracted the disease from the primary host (the client). B: The communicable disease - The disease is the agent causing the infection, not the host. C: The hospital - The hospital is the environment where the transmission occurred but is not the host responsible for the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because HPV warts can grow in areas not covered by a barrier like a condom, making prevention challenging. HPV is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, and condoms may not fully protect against transmission if the warts are in uncovered areas. Choice A is incorrect because HPV is mainly transmitted through skin contact, not all body fluids. Choice C is incorrect as it describes symptoms of a different condition, not HPV. Choice D is incorrect because HPV does not typically form vesicles that ulcerate within a day.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Multidisciplinary team. This type of team consists of members with diverse expertise who work independently but collaborate to make client-based decisions. Each member contributes their specialized knowledge to solve complex problems. In contrast, A: Intraprofessional teams consist of members within the same profession, limiting diversity. C: Interdisciplinary teams involve members blending their expertise to create a unified approach, rather than working independently like in the question. D: Interprofessional teams involve members from different professions working together on shared goals, which is not the same as working independently and coming together for client decisions as in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is the appropriate starting point for applying a population health approach because it focuses on the underlying factors influencing health outcomes at a population level. By addressing social, economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes. Choice A (Emergency life-saving care) is not the best starting point for a population health approach as it addresses immediate, individual-level health needs rather than the broader population. Choice C (Health promotion models) is important but typically comes after understanding the determinants of health. Choice D (Risk management) is relevant but focuses more on individual risk factors rather than the broader population perspective.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Recognition seeker. Nonfunctional group roles hinder the group's progress and cohesion. A recognition seeker seeks attention for personal gain, which can disrupt group dynamics and distract from the task at hand. In contrast, other choices like A (Opinion giver) contribute by sharing viewpoints, C (Follower) provides support, and D (Feasibility tester) helps evaluate ideas for practicality. Therefore, a recognition seeker stands out as a nonfunctional role due to its self-centered nature and potential to disrupt teamwork.