Which action will the nurse take when utilizing constructivist theory to teach a community health education program about smoking cessation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in constructivist theory, learners build on their existing knowledge. By assessing their knowledge about smoking cessation, the nurse can tailor the education program to address gaps and build upon what participants already know. This approach promotes active engagement and meaningful learning. A: Rewarding positive behaviors may align more with behaviorism than constructivism, focusing on external reinforcement rather than internal meaning-making. B: Encouraging reflection is important in constructivism, but assessing knowledge first is crucial to ensure that reflection is based on accurate information. C: Modeling desired behaviors is effective in observational learning but may not fully align with the principles of constructivism, which emphasize individual meaning-making and knowledge construction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most effective intervention is providing free immunization clinics in the community. This directly addresses the issue by making vaccines easily accessible to the community, leading to higher immunization rates. Distributing pamphlets (A) may raise awareness but does not guarantee action. Surveying for hesitancy (C) is important but may not directly increase rates. Educating during hospital visits (D) targets a limited audience. Free clinics (B) remove barriers to access, making it the most effective intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing written materials on stress management techniques falls under the cognitive domain of learning, which involves acquiring knowledge and understanding. Written materials allow clients to read, process, and comprehend information about stress management. This activity encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Demonstrating deep breathing exercises (choice A) and guiding participants through muscle relaxation exercises (choice D) are in the psychomotor domain, involving physical skills and coordination. Leading a group discussion on stress-related experiences (choice C) is in the affective domain, focusing on emotions and attitudes. In this context, providing written materials is the most suitable activity for engaging clients in cognitive learning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, community surveys and interviews. This is because conducting surveys and interviews within the local community allows the nurse to directly gather data from the residents themselves, providing insights into their specific health needs, concerns, and priorities. This method ensures the data is relevant, accurate, and reflects the unique characteristics of the rural area. A: State health department reports may not capture the specific local health needs of the rural area as they tend to focus on broader state-level data. B: County health department data may not provide detailed information specific to the rural area and may not capture the diverse health needs of the community. C: National health surveys are too broad and do not provide detailed information on the specific health needs of the local rural community.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because role-playing activities actively engage teenagers, making the learning experience more interactive and memorable. Role-playing allows them to practice safe driving behaviors in a simulated environment, promoting better retention and application of knowledge. Written materials (A) may not be as engaging for this age group. Lectures (C) may be too passive and less effective in capturing their attention. Watching a video (D) can be helpful but may not provide the same level of active participation and skill-building as role-playing.