Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, clarifying with the patient whenever there is doubt. This action shows active listening, respect, and a willingness to understand the patient's needs. By seeking clarification, the nurse demonstrates genuine interest in the patient's perspective, which helps build trust. Responding positively to demands (A) may not always be appropriate or feasible. Staying available for the entire shift (C) is important but not the sole factor in trust-building. Following through with promises (D) is crucial but does not address the patient's concerns or doubts directly. Clarifying doubts fosters clear communication and mutual understanding, establishing a foundation of trust.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because consistent inappropriate laughing is a characteristic symptom of disorganized schizophrenia. This observation aligns with the disorganized behavior and affect commonly seen in this subtype of schizophrenia. Option A is not specific to disorganized schizophrenia. Option B does not directly relate to disorganized symptoms. Option D suggests paranoia, which is more indicative of paranoid schizophrenia rather than disorganized schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because showing no emotion when discussing a personal tragedy is indicative of blunted affect, a negative symptom commonly seen in residual schizophrenia. This behavior aligns with the diagnostic criteria for residual schizophrenia, which includes the presence of negative symptoms like flat affect. Choices A, B, and C do not directly relate to negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A communicating style or claims about worms do not specifically indicate negative symptoms, and maintaining arms awkwardly overhead is not a typical symptom of residual schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implementation. In the nursing process, implementation involves putting the plan of care into action. Encouraging the patient to attend a psychoeducational group daily is an action that is carried out as part of the plan to build social skills. This step focuses on executing interventions to achieve the desired outcomes. In contrast, assessment (A) involves collecting data, analysis (C) involves interpreting data, and evaluation (D) involves determining the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, the correct placement for recording this item is in the implementation phase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because haloperidol is a dopamine receptor antagonist. By blocking dopamine receptors, it reduces the activity of dopamine in the brain, which helps in reducing disturbed thought processes. Option A is incorrect as dopamine craving is not related to the mechanism of action of haloperidol. Option B is incorrect as enhancing dopamine receptors would increase dopamine activity, opposite to the intended effect of haloperidol. Option C is incorrect as increasing cellular production of dopamine would also increase dopamine activity, contradicting the purpose of using haloperidol.