Which action represents tertiary prevention?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease by preventing complications and improving quality of life. Support groups for chronic illness fall under this category as they help individuals cope with the challenges of their condition, manage symptoms, and enhance overall well-being. Administering antibiotics (B) is a form of secondary prevention targeting early detection and treatment of infections. Teaching safe injection practices (C) falls under primary prevention by preventing the initial occurrence of infections. Conducting follow-up visits (D) is part of secondary prevention to monitor and manage existing conditions but does not specifically focus on reducing complications of established diseases like tertiary prevention does.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduced incidence of chronic diseases. Successful health promotion aims to prevent diseases before they occur, leading to a decrease in the prevalence of chronic illnesses. This outcome is a direct result of promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. Increased health care costs (B) would not be an outcome of successful health promotion as prevention reduces the need for costly treatments. Improved patient compliance (C) and decreased use of emergency services (D) are potential positive outcomes but are not as directly linked to the primary goal of reducing chronic diseases through health promotion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, monitoring air and water quality. This is essential for a community health nurse to assess environmental health risks because it directly evaluates potential hazards in the community. Monitoring air and water quality enables identification of pollutants that can impact the health of individuals living in the community. Collecting data on community health behaviors (A) focuses more on individual lifestyle choices rather than environmental risks. Conducting health screenings (B) is important for assessing individual health status, not environmental risks. Assessing workplaces for potential hazards (C) is crucial for occupational health but not directly related to community environmental health risks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because empowering individuals to take control of their health is fundamental in health promotion. It focuses on promoting self-efficacy, self-awareness, and healthy behaviors. This approach addresses the root causes of health issues, leading to sustainable improvements in overall health outcomes. Explanation for other choices: B: While reducing health care costs can be a positive outcome of health promotion, it is not the primary objective. C: Preventing the onset of disease is an important goal of health promotion, but empowering individuals is more comprehensive. D: Ensuring access to health services is essential for health equity, but it is not the primary objective of health promotion, which emphasizes individual empowerment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Community involvement. Community involvement is crucial for the success of a community health intervention as it ensures that the intervention is culturally appropriate, accepted, and sustainable. It empowers community members, increases ownership, and fosters collaboration. Funding (A) is important but without community involvement, the intervention may not address the actual needs of the community. Support from local government (C) is beneficial but may not always translate to community engagement. Strong leadership (D) is valuable but without community buy-in, the intervention may lack credibility and effectiveness.