Which action proposed to prevent problems related to coronary artery disease (CAD) in a region with a high prevalence is most likely to have positive outcomes?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses prevention strategies at multiple levels - early education in schools, community-wide awareness through presentations, and targeted education for high-risk populations. Introducing heart health information in Grade 1 can establish lifelong healthy habits. Presentations for the community will reach a wider audience, promoting awareness and behavior change. Special education sessions for high-risk populations ensure tailored interventions. Choice B focuses on online activities and screenings, which may not be as effective in reaching the entire population. Choice C includes some good components like educational materials and screenings but lacks the comprehensive approach of choice A. Choice D is more focused on treatment and management rather than prevention, which is not as effective in addressing the high prevalence of CAD in the region.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A toxicologist. A toxicologist specializes in studying the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms, including humans. They have expertise in understanding the physiological effects of chemicals on the human body, making them the best source of information for the CHN's query. A chemist (choice A) focuses more on the composition and properties of chemicals rather than their effects on humans. An epidemiologist (choice B) studies the patterns and causes of diseases in populations, not specifically the physiological effects of chemicals. A pharmacologist (choice C) specializes in studying drugs and their effects, which is different from the broader focus of toxicologists on various chemicals and their impacts on health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - recommending that the mother join a cancer support group. This action empowers the family by providing emotional support, education, and connections with others facing similar challenges. It fosters a sense of community and understanding, helping the family cope better with the situation. A: Applying for financial assistance does not directly empower the family in dealing with the emotional and psychological impact of the diagnosis. B: While arranging for child care can be helpful practically, it does not address the emotional and psychological needs of the family. D: Teaching the family to navigate the health care system is important, but joining a support group provides emotional support and peer connections that are crucial in empowering the family.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Populations. Public health nurses (PHNs) focus on promoting and protecting the health of entire populations by addressing various factors that influence health outcomes at a community level. PHNs implement interventions and policies to improve health outcomes and prevent diseases on a larger scale, rather than focusing solely on individuals, families, or specific groups. This approach allows PHNs to have a broader impact on public health by targeting the root causes of health disparities and promoting health equity. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Families - While PHNs may work with families as part of their population-focused approach, the primary focus is not solely on families. B: Groups - PHNs may work with specific groups within populations, but the primary focus is not on groups as a whole. C: Individuals - PHNs consider the health of individuals within the context of the larger population, but their main focus is not on individual health care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates cultural competence and respect for the mother's beliefs. By allowing family members to provide care and assessing the mother's knowledge of childcare through discussion, the nurse is acknowledging and respecting the mother's cultural practices while also ensuring the well-being of the baby. This approach promotes understanding and collaboration between the nurse and the mother, leading to better outcomes for both. Choice B is incorrect because it dismisses the mother's cultural beliefs and may come across as judgmental. Choice C is incorrect because it ignores the mother's cultural practices and imposes Western beliefs on her. Choice D is incorrect because it is authoritarian and does not take into account the mother's cultural background and beliefs.