ATI RN
Epidemiology Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which action by the nurse during an infectious disease outbreak is an example of a secondary prevention measure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Engaging in contact tracing. Secondary prevention aims to identify and intervene early in the course of a disease to prevent its progression. Contact tracing helps to identify individuals who may have been exposed to the infectious disease, allowing for early intervention to prevent further spread. Administering immunizations (A) is a form of primary prevention to prevent the initial occurrence of the disease. Providing direct care to infected individuals (C) is a form of tertiary prevention aimed at managing the impact of the disease. Educating the public about disease transmission (D) is essential for prevention but does not directly involve early identification and intervention like contact tracing.
Question 2 of 5
A school had tried very hard to uphold the requirement for all children to be vaccinated. However, state law allowed parents to exempt their child if they had a religious reason for refusal. Two children have been diagnosed with chickenpox. Which will be the most likely result?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herd immunity is a state in which those not immune to an infectious agent will be protected if a certain proportion (generally considered to be $80 \%$ ) of the population has been vaccinated or is otherwise immune. Because most children in the school are immune, it will be difficult for the chickenpox to spread.
Question 3 of 5
Which has been determined to be a major variable in transmission of sexually transmitted infections?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The researchers concluded that ecosocial or contextual conditions strongly enhance sexually transmitted infection risk by increasing sexual risk behaviors and likelihood of exposure to infection. Thus, the environment has been determined to be a more important variable in sexually transmitted infections than the pathogenesis, susceptibility, and the amount of sex education provided.
Question 4 of 5
Which would be the best method to increase the positive predictive value of a screening test?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The positive predictive value is affected by what proportion of the tested population has the problem. To increase the positive predictive value, screen populations most at risk for the problem. Testing a large population at once, using a very sensitive or very specific screening test would not increase the positive predictive value of a screening test.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The problem with very sensitive tests is that the test picks up almost all people with the disease but also many others who do not have the disease. These 'false positives' result in persons needing follow-up diagnostic tests. Additional time, effort, and expense, as well as worry, result until the negative test results are obtained.