Which action by the nurse demonstrates use of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Questioning the use of daily central line dressing changes demonstrates the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) by the nurse. In EBP, decisions about patient care should be informed by the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. By questioning the necessity of daily dressing changes for central lines, the nurse is seeking to ensure that the care provided is based on sound evidence and best practices rather than simply following routine procedures. This critical thinking and questioning approach aligns with the principles of evidence-based practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Research has shown that smoking during adolescence is closely linked to engaging in other high-risk behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use, risky sexual behavior, and delinquency. Adolescents who smoke are more likely to experiment with other substances and engage in risky activities compared to non-smokers. This is due to common psychological and sociocultural factors that contribute to the clustering of risky behaviors among adolescents. Therefore, statement A is the most accurate description of the relationship between smoking and high-risk behaviors in adolescence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bulimia involves recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting. The frequent exposure of the teeth to stomach acid during vomiting can lead to erosion of tooth enamel. This can result in dental issues such as decay, sensitivity, and discoloration. Therefore, erosion of tooth enamel is a common assessment finding in individuals with bulimia. The other options (A. Diarrhea, B. Amenorrhea, C. Cold intolerance) are not typically associated with bulimia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric pharmacology, understanding the side effects of medications is crucial. When a child is taking an antipsychotic medication, monitoring for extrapyramidal effects is essential. Extrapyramidal side effects such as dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia are common with antipsychotics and can significantly impact a child's quality of life and adherence to treatment. By monitoring for these effects, the nurse can intervene early to prevent further complications. Hypertension, bradycardia, and dizziness are less likely to be associated with antipsychotic medications in children. While these side effects can occur with some medications, they are not typically the primary concerns with antipsychotics. Teaching nurses to prioritize monitoring for specific side effects based on the class of medication being used is crucial for safe and effective pediatric care. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the unique side effect profiles of different medication classes. By emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring for extrapyramidal effects with antipsychotics in children, nurses can provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes. This rationale reinforces the importance of evidence-based practice and tailored interventions in pediatric pharmacology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inadequate perfusion, usually due to conditions such as shock or severe dehydration, is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys impairs their ability to function properly and filter waste products from the blood. This can lead to a rapid decline in kidney function and the development of acute renal failure. Other potential causes such as pyelonephritis, tubular destruction, and urinary tract obstruction can also result in acute renal failure, but inadequate perfusion is the most common trigger, especially in pediatric patients.