Which action by the nurse demonstrates the application of community health principles to a program aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease through risk-factor modification?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because promoting a weekly farmer's market for locally grown fruits and vegetables aligns with community health principles by addressing cardiovascular disease prevention through risk-factor modification at a population level. This approach promotes healthy eating habits and access to fresh produce, which can help reduce the risk factors for heart disease in the community as a whole. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on individual counseling rather than a population-based approach. Choice C is incorrect because it pertains to managing heart disease in an individual rather than preventing it at a community level. Choice D is incorrect as it involves a specific program for community members with heart failure rather than a prevention-focused initiative for the broader population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because managing the care of clients diagnosed with health conditions is an example of a downstream intervention. Downstream interventions focus on managing existing health issues in individuals or groups. This involves providing treatment, care, and support to those already affected by a health condition. Choices A, C, and D are not examples of downstream interventions. A focuses on prevention and promotion, C involves addressing social determinants of health at a broader level, and D targets root causes of health problems in a population, which are more upstream interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because administering pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines is a form of secondary prevention aimed at preventing complications or worsening of existing health conditions, such as pneumonia, in the senior population. This intervention directly targets a specific disease and helps reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. A, educating about signs and symptoms of influenza, is more focused on primary prevention by increasing awareness and preventing the onset of the disease. C, providing information about supportive care, is more aligned with tertiary prevention, which involves managing and reducing the impact of an already existing health problem. D, teaching how to properly wash hands, is important for infection control but falls more under primary prevention by reducing the risk of contracting infections in the first place.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A collection of people who share one or more characteristics. Aggregate refers to a group of individuals who are grouped together based on common characteristics or attributes. This definition aligns with the concept of aggregating data or individuals based on shared traits for statistical or analytical purposes. A: A large group of persons - This choice is too broad and does not specify the common characteristics that define an aggregate. B: A collection of individuals and families - While this choice is closer, it does not explicitly mention the shared characteristics that define an aggregate. D: Another name for demographic group - This choice is incorrect as an aggregate is not necessarily limited to demographic characteristics only.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Help the women engage in political action. The nurse was trying to empower the women by encouraging them to take action themselves in securing funding for transportation services. By suggesting they write letters to their local city council representatives, the nurse was promoting advocacy and civic engagement. This approach aligns with the goal of encouraging the women to participate in the political process to address their needs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem. This is not the primary objective of the nurse's action. The nurse is not dismissing their concerns but rather guiding them towards a proactive solution. B: Demonstrate that the nurse understood the women’s concerns and needs. While this may be a secondary outcome, the main purpose was to encourage political action. C: Express empathy, support, and concern. While the nurse may indeed express empathy and support, the main focus of the action was to encourage political engagement rather than solely