Which action by a nurse constitutes a breach of a patient's right to privacy?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D, releasing a patient's personal information to a third party without consent, constitutes a breach of a patient's right to privacy. Patient confidentiality is a fundamental principle in healthcare that must be upheld to build trust and ensure ethical practice. Sharing personal information without consent violates the patient's autonomy and right to privacy, potentially leading to legal and ethical consequences. Option A is incorrect because asking a family member about a patient's prehospitalization behavior without consent may be necessary for obtaining relevant information to provide quality care, especially if the patient is unable to provide this information themselves. Option B is incorrect as discussing a patient's diagnosis with another healthcare provider for treatment purposes falls within the scope of sharing information for continuity of care, which is permissible with the patient's implied consent in most cases. Option C is also incorrect as noting a patient's vital signs in the medical record for review by the healthcare team is a standard practice aimed at ensuring coordinated and effective care delivery. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of respecting patient privacy and confidentiality in nursing practice. Nurses must always seek informed consent before sharing patient information and be aware of the legal and ethical implications of breaching patient confidentiality. Understanding these principles is crucial for maintaining professionalism and trust in the nurse-patient relationship.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In adult behavioral health nursing, understanding the potential causes of delirium is crucial for providing safe and effective care to clients. In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are known to be a common cause of delirium in clients, especially in older adults or those with underlying cognitive impairments. These medications can disrupt neurotransmitter balance in the brain, leading to confusion, disorientation, and other symptoms characteristic of delirium. Option A) Sertraline is an antidepressant commonly used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. While it can have side effects, delirium is not a common presentation associated with sertraline use. Option B) Antihistamines are often used for allergy symptoms or as sedatives. While some antihistamines can cause confusion or sedation, they are not typically a primary cause of delirium. Option D) Amphetamines are stimulant medications used to treat conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While amphetamines can cause agitation and confusion, they are more likely to result in symptoms of agitation rather than the full spectrum of delirium. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication review and monitoring for potential adverse effects in clients experiencing delirium. Nurses must be vigilant in assessing medication profiles to identify and address potential contributors to delirium, ensuring safe and individualized care for clients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the provider might prescribe Paroxetine (Option D) due to its classification as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat PTSD symptoms. Paroxetine helps regulate serotonin levels in the brain, which can alleviate symptoms like anxiety, depression, and intrusive thoughts associated with PTSD. Option A, Tramadol, is an opioid analgesic primarily used for pain management and is not a first-line treatment for PTSD. Option B, Semaglutide, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by regulating blood sugar levels and is not indicated for PTSD management. Option C, Zaleplon, is a sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia and is not typically prescribed for PTSD. Understanding the rationale behind medication choices in treating mental health conditions like PTSD is crucial for nurses in providing holistic care to their clients. By knowing the appropriate medications and their mechanisms of action, nurses can collaborate effectively with the healthcare team to optimize patient outcomes and promote mental health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of adult behavioral health nursing, understanding the side effects of medications used to treat psychiatric disorders is crucial for providing safe and effective care to patients. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Agranulocytosis. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Agranulocytosis is a potentially life-threatening side effect of clozapine characterized by a severe decrease in white blood cells, specifically granulocytes. Monitoring for signs of agranulocytosis, such as fever, sore throat, and malaise, is essential to promptly intervene and prevent serious complications. Option B) Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are commonly associated with typical antipsychotic medications, not clozapine. Option C) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but serious, side effect of antipsychotic medications that typically presents with fever, muscle rigidity, and autonomic instability. Option D) Tardive dyskinesia is a potential side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, characterized by involuntary movements, but it is not specifically associated with clozapine. Educationally, understanding the specific side effect profile of each medication used in psychiatric treatment is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care, monitor for adverse effects, and collaborate with the healthcare team to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In adult behavioral health nursing, working with patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder requires a nuanced understanding of the condition's phases and appropriate interventions. In the depressive phase, the most appropriate nursing intervention is to provide a calm and low-stimulation environment (Option A). This is crucial because individuals in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder often experience heightened sensitivity to stimuli and may benefit from a quiet, soothing environment to prevent exacerbation of symptoms. Encouraging the patient to engage in group therapy and activities (Option B) may not be the best approach during the depressive phase as social interactions and group settings could be overwhelming for the individual. Supporting the patient in making plans for future activities and goals (Option C) may be challenging as individuals in the depressive phase may struggle with feelings of hopelessness and lack of motivation. Promoting physical exercise (Option D) is generally beneficial for individuals with bipolar disorder, but during the depressive phase, it may be difficult for the patient to engage in physical activities due to low energy levels and lack of motivation. Educationally, understanding the specific needs of individuals with bipolar disorder in different phases is essential for providing effective nursing care. It is important for nurses to tailor interventions based on the individual's current phase to promote positive outcomes and support their overall well-being.