Which action by a case manager would be classified as primary prevention?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health issue before it happens. In this case, educating a group about community services aligns with primary prevention by providing information to potentially avoid future health problems. This action focuses on promoting health and well-being in the community before any specific health issues arise. Advocating for a client, collaborating between healthcare personnel, and resolving conflicts between healthcare facilities are important tasks but do not directly address preventing health issues before they occur.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Virulence refers to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host. Choice A is correct because it specifically addresses the ability of the organism to circumvent or evade the host's immune system. This is crucial as it allows the pathogen to establish an infection and cause harm. By bypassing the immune response, the organism can replicate and spread within the host, leading to disease manifestation. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: While invading major organ systems can contribute to virulence, it is not the defining characteristic of virulence. Many pathogens can cause disease without directly invading organs. C: While some virulent organisms produce toxins, this is not the sole defining factor of virulence. Not all virulent organisms produce toxins, and some toxins may not directly weaken the body. D: Producing severe physical reactions may be a consequence of virulence, but it is not the fundamental definition of virulence. Virulence is more about the pathogen's

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because HIV is not transmitted through droplet spread from sneezing or coughing. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Sneezing or coughing does not transmit the virus unless there is blood present in the respiratory secretions. Explanation: 1. Choice A is incorrect because HIV is not transmitted through droplet spread. 2. Choice B is correct as HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sex with an infected person. 3. Choice C is correct as sharing needles for drug use can transmit HIV. 4. Choice D is correct as HIV can be transmitted through contaminated blood products.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Passive immunization involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies to confer immediate protection, as seen in the administration of antibody-containing preparations like the COVID-19 immunization. This process does not involve the recipient's immune system actively producing antibodies, distinguishing it from active immunization (choice A). Long-lasting immunity (choice B) typically results from active immunization. Natural immunity (choice C) is acquired through exposure to a pathogen, not through the transfer of antibodies. Thus, the correct choice is D: Passive immunization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation. In this phase, the CHN is assessing the effectiveness of the community-wide education intervention by examining blood lead levels in school-aged children after one year. Evaluation involves determining if the intervention achieved the desired outcomes. Assessment (A) is the initial data collection phase. Diagnosis (B) involves identifying health problems. Intervention (C) is the phase where actions are taken to address the identified health problems. In this scenario, the focus is on evaluating the impact of the intervention, making D the most appropriate term.