Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns shortly after birth is typically seen in the mucous membranes, such as the lips and oral mucosa. This transient cyanosis is caused by the normal physiologic response of the newborn's immature circulatory system adjusting to extrauterine life. As oxygenation improves and blood circulation stabilizes, the cyanosis will usually resolve within the first few days after birth. It is important for healthcare providers to distinguish between pathologic and nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns to ensure appropriate management and monitoring.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bite of an infected tick. The bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii is transmitted to humans through the bite of the American dog tick, the Rocky Mountain wood tick, or the brown dog tick. These ticks are commonly found in wooded areas and attach themselves to the skin of humans or animals, transmitting the bacteria responsible for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. It is important to take precautions to prevent tick bites, such as using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants when in wooded areas, and conducting thorough tick checks after being outdoors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Folic acid is the correct answer. All women of childbearing age are recommended to take folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida in their offspring. Neural tube defects occur in the early stages of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant, which is why it is important for all women of childbearing age to ensure they have adequate folic acid intake. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps the body make new cells and plays a crucial role in the development of the baby's neural tube, which eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. That's why it is recommended for all women of childbearing age to take a daily folic acid supplement or consume foods fortified with folic acid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should suggest to the parents to offer the last feeding as late as possible at night for an infant who has a prolonged need for middle-of-the-night feedings. By ensuring that the infant gets a full feeding closer to bedtime, it can potentially help the baby stay fuller for a longer period during the night, reducing the need for frequent nighttime feedings. This approach can help the parents establish a bedtime routine that supports longer stretches of sleep for both the infant and themselves. It is important to note that decreasing daytime feedings, allowing the child to go to sleep with a bottle, and putting the infant to bed after they are already asleep from rocking are not recommended strategies for addressing prolonged middle-of-the-night feedings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Infiltration of intravenous fluids in VLBW newborns can lead to serious complications, especially if hypertonic solutions are being administered. Hypertonic solutions have a higher osmolarity than the body's fluids, which can cause severe tissue damage if there is infiltration. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the infusion site closely for signs of infiltration and take prompt action to prevent further harm to the newborn's delicate skin and tissues. The other options are not directly related to the risk and consequences of infiltration in VLBW newborns.