Where does the classic definition of public health originate from?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dr. C. E. Winslow. Dr. Winslow is known for defining public health as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts of society." He published this definition in his book in 1920, which became a cornerstone in defining public health. Ruth B. Freeman and Lilian Wald were notable figures in public health, but they did not originate the classic definition. The World Health Organization Expert Committee on Nursing is not directly associated with the classic definition of public health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Target Client list. In a health service information system, the target client list is the fundamental block or foundation. It serves as a comprehensive database of individuals who are the focus of the services provided. It helps in identifying, tracking, and managing the health information of clients. Family treatment record (A) is more specific and focuses on individual treatment within a family rather than the overall system foundation. Reporting forms (C) are tools for collecting data but not the foundational block. Output record (D) is a result of the system's processes, not the fundamental block. The target client list is essential for effective service delivery and resource allocation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability. This is because by preventing diseases and disabilities, public health efforts aim to improve overall population health and well-being. This includes implementing interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy changes to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Achieving health equity, prolonging life, and promoting health are important aspects of public health but they are secondary to the core goal of preventing disease and disability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The elements mentioned are key components of designing and initiating a community organizing effort. Choosing structure, recruiting members, defining mission, vision, and goals, and clarifying roles are essential in the initial stages of organizing a community. This stage sets the foundation for the entire process. Program maintenance-consolidation (A) occurs after the program has been established. Dissemination-Reassessment (B) involves spreading information and evaluating outcomes. Community Analysis/diagnosis (C) is the initial assessment of community needs, which precedes the design and initiation phase. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the early stages of community organizing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Sangkap Pinoy Seal is a voluntary fortification program in the Philippines. Step 2: It encourages food manufacturers to fortify processed foods with essential micronutrients. Step 3: Garantisadong Pambata focuses on ensuring the quality of essential medicines for children. Step 4: Food Fortification is a general term for fortifying food products but not specific to voluntary fortification. Step 5: Child Health Week is an event to raise awareness about child health but not related to fortifying processed foods. Summary: Sangkap Pinoy Seal is the correct answer as it specifically involves voluntary fortification of processed foods, while the other choices are unrelated or not specifically about voluntary fortification.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Open communication and collaboration. In a healthy work environment, open communication fosters transparency, trust, and mutual understanding among team members. Collaboration encourages teamwork, creativity, and problem-solving. This leads to higher productivity, job satisfaction, and overall well-being. Incorrect choices: A: High turnover rate and lack of communication - High turnover and lack of communication indicate poor morale and ineffective leadership, which are detrimental to a healthy work environment. B: Lack of teamwork and frequent conflicts - Lack of teamwork and conflicts hinder productivity and create a toxic atmosphere, contrary to a healthy work environment. D: Micromanagement and strict hierarchy - Micromanagement and strict hierarchy stifle employee autonomy, creativity, and growth, leading to low morale and disengagement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Village health workers. This term specifically refers to trained community health workers or health auxiliary volunteers. They are individuals who provide health education, basic healthcare services, and referrals in rural areas. B: Barangay health workers are also community health workers, but they are specifically assigned at the barangay level in the Philippines. C: "All of the above" is incorrect because not all community health workers are referred to as village or barangay health workers. D: "None of the above" is incorrect as village health workers are a recognized category of community health workers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a community health nurse focuses on promoting health education and community organizing activities to improve the overall health of a community. They work outside hospital settings, emphasizing preventive care and population health. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to a nurse working in a hospital. Choice C is incorrect as it specifically focuses on individual and family care coordination. Choice D is incorrect as advocating for health policies and programs is more aligned with a public health advocate's role, rather than a community health nurse's primary responsibility.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vital statistics. Vital statistics refer to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths. This field focuses on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data related to these events in a population. Choice B (Statistics) is too broad and does not specifically focus on vital events. Choice C (Morbidity) refers to the incidence of illness in a population, not the study of all vital events. Choice D (Mortality) specifically refers to deaths and does not encompass all vital events studied in vital statistics. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the systematic study of the listed vital events.