Where does the ADH-dependent reabsorption occur?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH-dependent reabsorption occurs in the medullary collecting duct ADH inserts aquaporins, reclaiming water (e.g., concentrates urine). Proximal tubule reabsorbs isotonically ADH-independent. Loop of Henle sets gradient not ADH-driven. Distal tubule starts ADH effect less medullary. Medullary site distinguishes it, key to urine concentration, unlike proximal or loop roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urine excretion is the elimination of substances via urine final output (e.g., waste removal). Secretion adds to urine specific process. Reabsorption conserves opposite. Filtration starts not eliminates. Excretion's end role distinguishes it, key to renal clearance, unlike process-specific terms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: First micturition reflex stimulation is at 150 mL initial urge from stretch (e.g., afferent signal). 300 mL is fullness later. 400 mL discomfort escalated. 560 mL exceeds typical late. Early trigger distinguishes it, critical for reflex onset, unlike higher volumes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peptides are reabsorbed via endocytosis PCT engulfs small proteins (e.g., filtered peptides), energy-dependent. Facilitated diffusion suits glucose not peptides. Active transport is Na not engulfing. Passive diffusion lacks mechanism insufficient. Endocytosis distinguishes it, critical for protein recovery, unlike diffusion or pump methods.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The thin descending limb is water-permeable, ion-impermeable osmosis concentrates filtrate (e.g., countercurrent). PCT is leaky ions/water pass. Cortical collecting duct adjusts with ADH ions move. Thick ascending pumps ions water-impermeable. Unique permeability distinguishes thin descending, critical for gradient, unlike leaky or adjustable segments.