ATI RN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Where does the absorption of most nutrients, including amino acids and fatty acids, primarily occur in the digestive system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients, such as amino acids and fatty acids, occurs. This is because the small intestine contains villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine secretes enzymes and bile to break down nutrients into smaller molecules for absorption. The stomach primarily aids in digestion, the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and the esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is experiencing increasing discomfort. Which patient statement to the nurse indicates that additional teaching about GERD is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because having a bedtime snack can worsen GERD symptoms by increasing stomach acid production. Eating close to bedtime can also lead to reflux when lying down. A patient with GERD should avoid eating 2-3 hours before bedtime. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate good practices for managing GERD by avoiding triggers like smoking, taking antacids as prescribed, and elevating the head of the bed to prevent reflux.
Question 3 of 5
Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: superior constrictor. This muscle contracts to close off the upper part of the esophagus during breathing to prevent air from entering. The superior constrictor is located at the top of the esophagus near the pharynx. The middle and inferior constrictors are not involved in this function, as they mainly help in swallowing. The esophageal muscle is not responsible for preventing air entry into the esophagus during breathing. Therefore, the correct choice is A based on its anatomical location and function in preventing air passage.
Question 4 of 5
The liver stores ______ for energy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: glycogen. The liver stores glycogen as a form of energy storage. Glycogen is a polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules. When the body needs energy, glycogen is broken down into glucose to be used as fuel. Nucleic acids (A) are not stored for energy; they are essential for genetic material. Glucose (C) is utilized for immediate energy needs and not stored in large quantities. Vitamins (D) are essential nutrients but are not stored in significant amounts for energy purposes.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these does not belong with the others?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lipase. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats), while the other enzymes listed (sucrase, maltase, lactase) are all involved in carbohydrate digestion. Lipase acts on a different substrate compared to the others, making it the odd one out in this group. Sucrase breaks down sucrose, maltase breaks down maltose, and lactase breaks down lactose. Therefore, A does not belong with the others as it does not share the same function of breaking down carbohydrates like the rest of the enzymes listed.