Where does ADH have its greatest effect?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH primarily acts on DCT and collecting duct (via aquaporins), not loop, PCT, or glomerulus. 'C' fits DCT focus here. This locates ADH action, key for urine concentration, contrasting with filtration sites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hilus is the kidney's entry/exit point, not mediastinum (chest), chondrocyte (cartilage), or cortex (region). This specifies renal access, key for anatomy, contrasting with mislocations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reabsorption/secretion occurs between vasa recta and renal tubule, not collecting duct alone, ureter, or all. This specifies exchange site, key for solute movement, contrasting with broader options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Efferent arteriole feeds peritubular capillaries, not portal vein, arcuate vein, or all. This defines post-glomerular flow, key for reabsorption, contrasting with venous drainage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Capsular pressure (hydrostatic ~10-15 mmHg + colloid ~15-20 mmHg) totals ~30 mmHg, not 15, 35, or 45. This sums opposing forces, key for net filtration, contrasting with single values.