Where are YDreceptors most abundant?

Question 1 of 5

Where are YD-receptors most abundant?

A. In the blood B. In the intestine, uterus, and tongue C. In the thymus D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gamma-delta (YD) T cells are abundant in mucosal sites like intestine, uterus, and tongue .

Question 2 of 5

Which area is not drained by the thoracic duct?

A. right leg B. left leg C. right arm D. left arm

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The thoracic duct drains all but the right arm/upper right quadrant , which the right lymphatic duct handles.

Question 3 of 5

The majority of vaccines work by eliciting pathogen-specific antibodies that circulate in our bodies and protect us in the event that we are later exposed to that specific pathogen. For most viruses and bacterial toxins that we are vaccinated against, these pre-existing antibodies are protective because:

A. They neutralize the virus or toxin, preventing it from attaching to and entering our cells B. They bind to the virus or toxin and carry it to the liver where it can be degraded C. They bind to the virus or toxin and directly induce lysis D. They induce mucus production that helps flush the toxin or virus out of the body

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antibodies neutralize viruses/toxins by blocking cell entry ; liver transport , lysis , or mucus aren't primary mechanisms.

Question 4 of 5

In healthy adults, neutrophils represent approximately half of their white blood cells. During a bacterial infection, this number often rises to >80%. One factor contributing to this rise is:

A. Recruitment of neutrophils from tissues into the blood B. Proliferation of neutrophils at the site of infection C. Bone marrow releases neutrophils during infection D. Differentiation of blood monocytes into neutrophils

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bone marrow releases neutrophils during infection; tissues , proliferation (B/C), or monocyte differentiation don't explain the rise.

Question 5 of 5

The extensive polymorphism of MHC genes in the population is thought to represent an evolutionary response to outflank the evasive strategies of pathogens. This polymorphism makes it difficult for pathogens to eliminate all potential MHC binding epitopes from their proteins. Based on this reasoning, it would seem advantageous for each individual to encode more than three different MHC class I and three different MHC class II genes per chromosome copy. If some individuals in the population had MHC loci that encoded 10 different MHC class I and 10 different MHC class II genes, the T cell repertoire in those individuals would likely be:

A. Much more diverse than in the rest of the individuals of that population B. Much better at recognizing rare pathogens not encountered by most individuals in that population C. Much less diverse than the rest of the individuals in that population D. Much more alloreactive than the T cells found in the other individuals of that population

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: More MHC alleles reduce T-cell diversity via stricter thymic selection; not more diverse , rare pathogens , or just alloreactive .

Where are YD-receptors most abundant?

Nurselytic

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