When writing a community diagnosis, the community health nurse notes that the 'among' phrase:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because specifying the aggregate that will benefit from the nurse's plan is a key component of a community diagnosis. This step helps in identifying the target population for interventions and ensures that resources are allocated effectively. A: Presenting a synthesis of all assessment data is important but not specific to the 'among' phrase. B: Providing supporting data is necessary but does not directly relate to the 'among' phrase. D: Describing the cause of the health problem and directing focus of interventions is crucial but not the primary focus of the 'among' phrase.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because an odds ratio is a measure of association between an exposure (hypertension) and an outcome (severe COVID-19). It quantifies the strength of the relationship between the two variables. In this case, an odds ratio of 2.49 indicates that individuals with hypertension are about 2.5 times more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared to those without hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because an odds ratio does not measure absolute risk increase but rather the relative risk or likelihood of an outcome. Choice C is incorrect because an odds ratio does not measure statistical significance; it measures the strength of association. Choice D is incorrect because an odds ratio does not measure precision; it quantifies the strength of the relationship between variables.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Unhealthy diet contributes to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Step 2: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers. Step 3: Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases. Summary: B is incorrect as it mentions hypertension and poor stress management, which are not common to all 4 NCDs. C is incorrect as it includes obesity, not common to all 4 NCDs. D is incorrect as it includes alcoholism, which is not common to all 4 NCDs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public is an upstream factor that addresses the root cause of hypertension by reducing exposure to a risk factor (smoking). This approach focuses on population-level interventions to prevent the development of chronic illnesses. A is incorrect as nutritional classes address individual behaviors, not population-level factors. B focuses on individual behavior change related to smoking, which is downstream from the root cause of hypertension. D is also incorrect as chair yoga classes, while beneficial for seniors, do not address the underlying factors contributing to hypertension in the community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuous community involvement. This is because sustainability in health programs relies on community ownership, participation, and engagement. Community involvement ensures program relevance, cultural appropriateness, and long-term commitment. Support from local government (B) is important but may fluctuate based on political changes. Availability of funding (C) is crucial but not sustainable if community support is lacking. Regular program evaluation (D) is essential for monitoring progress but doesn't guarantee sustainability without ongoing community engagement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Massage the uterus. This is the first action to take as uterine massage helps to contract the uterus, which can help stop the bleeding. By massaging the uterus, you are promoting the expulsion of any retained products and enhancing uterine tone. Calling for help is essential for additional support. Inserting a urinary catheter (B) is not the priority in managing postpartum bleeding. Starting an IV (C) may be necessary to administer medications, but addressing the bleeding is the immediate priority. Checking the placenta for completeness (D) is important but not the first step in managing postpartum bleeding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an online support group for cancer survivors represents a phenomenological community where individuals share similar lived experiences and perspectives related to cancer. This community is based on subjective interpretations and meanings attached to their shared experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and understanding among members. In contrast, choices A, B, and C are not phenomenological communities as they are based on geographical proximity (Greenwich Village senior center, NYC council district) or residential location (Gramercy Green residents), which do not necessarily imply shared lived experiences or subjective interpretations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct order of steps in active management of the third stage of labor includes: 1) Intramuscular injection of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, 2) Controlled cord traction with counter traction to the uterus to facilitate placental delivery, and 3) Uterine massage to aid in uterine contraction and reduce bleeding. Rationale for Correct Answer (C): - Intramuscular oxytocin is administered first to prevent excessive bleeding. - Controlled cord traction with counter traction assists in the gentle delivery of the placenta. - Uterine massage helps the uterus contract and reduce the risk of hemorrhage. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - A (Incorrect): Incorrect order of steps, ergometrine administration is not recommended. - B (Incorrect): Incorrect order, fundal massage should be done after cord traction. - D (Incorrect): Incorrect order, oxytocin should be administered before cord traction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Special interest groups that exert influence on legislators. Special interest groups, such as gun rights organizations, often lobby against tighter gun control laws, influencing legislators' decisions. This influence can create significant challenges in passing legislation. Incorrect choices: A: A lack of interest in this topic by many citizens of the state - While lack of interest can be a challenge, it is not as significant as special interest group influence. B: An inability to gather statistics to understand the magnitude of the problem - Lack of statistics may hinder decision-making but is not the primary challenge. D: The idea that gun violence is not a significant public health concern in the US - This is a misconception, and while it may be a challenge, it is not as prominent as special interest group influence.