When was the IPSG established?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) were indeed established in 2006 by Joint Commission International (JCI), not the World Health Organization (WHO). These goals are designed to help healthcare organizations improve patient safety and ensure high standards of care. Since their inception, the JCI has been monitoring compliance with these goals in its accredited hospitals worldwide, focusing on critical areas such as patient identification, communication, infection prevention, and safety protocols.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Surgical scrub with alcohol-based hand rub should be done within three minutes. This is because three minutes is the recommended duration for a thorough surgical scrub to effectively kill bacteria and reduce the risk of infection. This duration allows enough time for the alcohol-based hand rub to thoroughly cover all surfaces of the hands and fingers, ensuring proper disinfection. A shorter duration may not be sufficient to achieve the desired level of cleanliness, while a longer duration may not provide any additional benefits and may cause skin irritation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Democratic leadership (A) involves sharing decisions with the group, unlike autocratic (B), laissez-faire (C), or situational (D) styles.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: New graduates are expected to manage groups of patients (D), reflecting broader leadership responsibilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Infant car seats are legally required in all 50 states to protect children during vehicle travel.