ATI RN
Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Questions
Question 1 of 5
When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: rugae. When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called rugae. These folds allow the stomach to expand when food is consumed and contract when it is empty. Shincters (A) are muscular valves that control the flow of food in and out of the stomach, not the folds of the stomach itself. Bolus (B) refers to a small rounded mass of a substance, typically food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed, not the wrinkles of the stomach. Chyme (D) is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the small intestine, not the folds of the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is transferred from the recovery room to a surgical unit after a transverse colostomy. The nurse observes the stoma to be deep pink with edema and a small amount of sanguineous drainage. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Document stoma assessment findings. The rationale for this choice is that documentation is crucial in providing a clear and accurate record of the stoma's condition for ongoing monitoring and evaluation. By documenting the stoma assessment findings, the nurse can track any changes in color, edema, or drainage over time, which helps in identifying any potential issues or improvements. Choice A is incorrect because placing ice packs around the stoma can cause vasoconstriction and worsen the edema. Choice B is unnecessary at this point as the nurse can first assess and document the stoma before escalating to the surgeon if needed. Choice C is not the best action as monitoring every 30 minutes may be excessive and not practical, especially if the patient is stable.
Question 3 of 5
Parasympathetic stomach impulses cause all of the following except which one?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because parasympathetic impulses do not lead to the secretion of somatostatin. Somatostatin is released in response to low pH in the stomach to inhibit further acid secretion. Parasympathetic impulses stimulate the secretion of gastrin, promote histamine release, and inhibit somatostatin secretion. This is important for enhancing gastric acid secretion and promoting digestion. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are effects of parasympathetic stomach impulses.
Question 4 of 5
The buildup of bile pigment in tissues that can be caused by gallstones is _____.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: obstructive jaundice. Gallstones can obstruct the bile duct, leading to the buildup of bile pigment in tissues, causing jaundice. This results in the characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes. Hyperbilirubinemia (A) refers to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, which can occur in various liver conditions. Hepatitis (C) is inflammation of the liver, which can also lead to jaundice but is not directly caused by gallstones. Hepatocellular jaundice (D) is due to liver cell damage, not bile duct obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
The ileocecal valve prevents chyme from entering the _____.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: large intestine. The ileocecal valve is located between the ileum (part of the small intestine) and the cecum (part of the large intestine). Its primary function is to prevent the backflow of contents from the large intestine into the small intestine, specifically preventing chyme from entering the large intestine prematurely. This allows for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine before the remaining waste material enters the large intestine for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the ileocecal valve specifically regulates the flow of material between the small and large intestines, not other parts of the digestive system such as the stomach or duodenum.