ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
When the body becomes dehydrated (H O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and increased blood osmolarity. Step 2: Decreased blood volume triggers release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to conserve water. Step 3: ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urinary output. Step 4: Increased blood osmolarity stimulates thirst to encourage water intake. Step 5: Therefore, both urinary output and thirst increase in response to dehydration. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it explains the physiological responses to dehydration. - Choice B is incorrect as it contradicts the well-established mechanisms of the body. - Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.
Question 2 of 5
Paraesthesia—tingling in the extremities—is a common consequence of acidosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Acidosis leads to decreased blood flow to extremities, causing nerve dysfunction. 2. Nerves can become hypersensitive, leading to tingling sensations (paraesthesia). 3. Paraesthesia is a common symptom in acidosis due to nerve irritation. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide valid reasoning for paraesthesia in acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffers do not remove excess H+ from the body; instead, they help maintain the pH balance by either accepting or releasing H+ ions to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers act as reservoirs for H+ ions, helping to minimize pH fluctuations. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are invalid because buffers do not actively remove H+ ions but rather help regulate their concentration.
Question 4 of 5
Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffer systems are effective in defending against changes in [H+], but they are not the fastest mechanism. The fastest mechanism is the respiratory system, which can respond within minutes by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing to regulate CO2 levels and pH. The other choices (A, C, D) are marked as NA, indicating they are not applicable or do not contribute to the explanation of the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow, shallow breathing leads to the retention of carbon dioxide in the blood, which combines with water to form carbonic acid. This accumulation of carbonic acid triggers the body's buffering system, helping to return the blood pH to normal levels. Therefore, slow, shallow breathing allowing carbonic acid buildup to regulate blood pH is true. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between breathing rate, carbonic acid levels, and blood pH regulation.