ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide Questions
Question 1 of 9
When teaching a patient who is beginning antilipemic therapy about possible drug-food interactions, the nurse will discuss which food?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse will discuss grapefruit juice when teaching a patient about possible drug-food interactions with antilipemic therapy. Grapefruit juice can inhibit the enzyme CYP3A4 in the liver, which can affect the metabolism of certain medications, including some antilipemic drugs. This interaction may lead to increased drug levels in the bloodstream, potentially causing harmful side effects. It is important for patients to be aware of this interaction and to consult their healthcare provider if they consume grapefruit juice while on antilipemic therapy.
Question 2 of 9
A nurse is working with a patient who is taking an adrenergic blocking agent. While assessing the patient’s medication history, the nurse discovers that the patient takes several alternative therapies. What herb is the nurse concerned may interact with the adrenergic blocking agent and affect the patient’s blood glucose level?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Di huang is an alternative therapy that can lower blood glucose when used in combination with adrenergic blocking agents. Ginseng increases antihypertensive effects; nightshade slows the heart rate; and saw palmetto increases the risk of urinary tract complications when used in combination with adrenergic blocking agents. The nurse should educate the patient about potential interactions and monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Question 3 of 9
The nurse works with a physician who frequently prescribes benzodiazepines. The use of benzodiazepines in which patient would cause the nurse the most concern?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benzos (e.g., diazepam) in an 87-year-old with a cane raise fall risk-sedation and slow clearance heighten injury odds, per geriatrics. Kids rarely get benzos-alternatives exist. Adults (42, 32) handle them better unless dependent. Elderly frailty drives concern, a safety red flag.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient. The nurse will anticipate administering which medication to this patient to help prevent thrombus formation caused by slow venous blood flow?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is commonly administered to postoperative patients to help prevent thrombus formation caused by slow venous blood flow. LMWH works by inhibiting the activity of certain clotting factors, ultimately preventing the formation of blood clots. As a result, it is often used in the prevention and treatment of conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in surgical patients. LMWH is preferred over traditional heparin due to its longer half-life, allowing for once or twice daily dosing, and reduced risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).
Question 5 of 9
Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some institutions will not infuse a fat emulsion, such as Intralipid, into central venous access devices because lipid residue may accumulate in the CVAD and occlude the catheter. This can lead to complications such as catheter blockage, which may require removal and replacement of the catheter. The build-up of lipids in the catheter can interfere with proper medication delivery and potentially result in infection or other issues. Therefore, to prevent these complications, some institutions choose to avoid infusing fat emulsions through central venous access devices.
Question 6 of 9
What is the therapeutic classification of Metformin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin belongs to the therapeutic classification of antidiabetic agents. It is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping to control blood sugar levels. Metformin works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the body's tissues. This helps the body use insulin more effectively, leading to better blood sugar control.
Question 7 of 9
Action of antiemetic drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiemetic drugs are medications used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. Therefore, the main action of antiemetic drugs is to prevent vomiting, making option E the correct answer. Antiemetic drugs work by reducing or blocking the signals to the vomiting center in the brain, thus helping to alleviate the symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting.
Question 8 of 9
A client with bell's palsy tells the nurse that acetaminophen (Tylenol) is taken daily as prescribed by the physician. Which laboratory value would indicate a toxicity of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is primarily metabolized in the liver. Hepatotoxicity is a serious potential side effect of acetaminophen overdose or excessive use. One of the markers for liver damage due to acetaminophen toxicity is an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Normal BUN levels range from 7 to 20 mg/dl, and a level of 60 mg/dl indicates kidney dysfunction, which can result from liver damage caused by acetaminophen toxicity. Therefore, an elevated BUN level would indicate a toxicity of acetaminophen in this client with Bell's palsy who is taking acetaminophen daily. The other laboratory values mentioned are not specific markers for acetaminophen toxicity.
Question 9 of 9
What is the expected outcome for Valproate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Valproate is an anticonvulsant medication commonly used to treat seizure disorders such as epilepsy. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, which helps to reduce the occurrence of seizures. Therefore, the expected outcome of Valproate treatment is a decrease in seizure activity and an improvement in seizure control.