ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 1 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
When teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, which statements by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. You need to have your blood pressure checked once a week and keep track of the readings. - This statement is correct because monitoring blood pressure regularly is essential when taking antihypertensive medications to ensure they are effectively controlling hypertension.
Question 2 of 5
With regard to non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancuronium is primarily renally eliminated, a true statement, prolonged in kidney failure. Rocuronium, a steroidal agent, not isoquinolone (like atracurium), is false. Rocuronium is hepatically metabolized, not via Hofmann elimination (atracurium does), so that's false. Vecuronium is mostly biliary excreted, not renal, making that false. Atracurium uses plasma esterases and Hofmann elimination, not pseudocholinesterases alone. Pancuronium's renal clearance is critical for surgical planning, especially in renal patients.
Question 3 of 5
Hydrochlorothiazide is classified as a
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention). It works by increasing the amount of water and salt that the kidneys remove from the blood, leading to decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure. Diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide are not used to treat inflammation, arrhythmias, or fungal infections, making option C the correct classification for this medication.
Question 4 of 5
While on pentamidine (Pentam) infusion therapy. The nurse must anticipate doing which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine (Pentam) is a medication used for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS. A known side effect of pentamidine therapy is ocular toxicity, including retinal damage. The nurse must closely monitor the client for signs and symptoms of retinal toxicity, such as changes in vision, eye pain, or sensitivity to light. Regular ophthalmologic evaluations may also be necessary to detect any ocular complications early and prevent permanent damage. Hence, observing for signs of retinal damage is crucial while the client is on pentamidine infusion therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A 39-year-old man with chronic allergic rhinitis and nasal congestion takes an over-the-counter nasal spray containing oxymetazoline. Over the next few days, he has significant improvement in his symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of action of this agent?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxymetazoline treats nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis by acting as an α-adrenergic agonist. Option , increased nasal blood flow, is incorrect-vasoconstriction reduces flow. Option , increased arterial pressure, doesn't directly relieve congestion. Option , receptor stimulation on nasal vasculature, is correct-oxymetazoline stimulates α-receptors, causing vasoconstriction, shrinking swollen mucosa, and improving airflow. Option , transmembrane conductance change, is unrelated to its action. Option (E), understimulation, contradicts its agonist role. This vasoconstrictive effect rapidly alleviates congestion, explaining the symptom improvement. Unlike antihistamines or steroids, oxymetazoline targets vascular tone, not inflammation or histamine, making it ideal for quick relief in rhinitis. Prolonged use risks rebound congestion, but the question focuses on initial efficacy, where receptor-mediated vasoconstriction is key.