When teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, which statements by the nurse are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of teaching a patient about antihypertensive drug therapy, option A, "You need to have your blood pressure checked once a week and keep track of the readings," is correct. This statement emphasizes the importance of monitoring blood pressure regularly to assess the effectiveness of the medication and ensure optimal control of hypertension. Option B, "If you notice that the symptoms have gone away, you should be able to stop taking the drug," is incorrect. Stopping antihypertensive medication abruptly can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure, posing serious health risks. It is crucial to emphasize to patients that they should never discontinue their medication without consulting their healthcare provider. Option C, "An exercise program may be helpful in treating hypertension, but let's check with your doctor first," is partially correct. While exercise is beneficial for managing hypertension, patients should consult their healthcare provider before starting any new exercise regimen to ensure it is safe and appropriate for their individual health status. Option D, "If you experience severe side effects, stop the medicine and let us know at your next office visit," is also incorrect. Severe side effects should prompt immediate medical attention, and patients should be advised to contact their healthcare provider or seek emergency care if they experience any unexpected or concerning symptoms while taking antihypertensive medication. Educationally, it is important to stress the significance of medication adherence, regular blood pressure monitoring, and open communication with healthcare providers when educating patients about antihypertensive therapy. Empowering patients with accurate information and clear instructions can improve treatment outcomes and promote patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. It works by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioids and temporarily reversing their effects. Naloxone is commonly administered in emergency situations to quickly restore normal breathing and consciousness in individuals who have overdosed on opioids. Aspirin (choice A) and Advil (choice B) are non-opioid pain relievers and do not reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. Ondansetron (choice D) is an anti-nausea medication and does not counteract the respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct teaching for a patient taking oral nitrofurantoin is to rinse the mouth after taking the medication to avoid staining the teeth. Nitrofurantoin can cause a harmless but noticeable side effect of staining the teeth, so it is important for the patient to rinse their mouth thoroughly after each dose to reduce the risk of this happening. The other options provided are not accurate teachings related to nitrofurantoin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When treating a patient with renal failure, it is important to avoid NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) as pain medications. NSAIDs can worsen renal function and may cause further damage to the kidneys. They can also lead to complications such as fluid retention, elevated blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances in patients with renal failure. Instead, other types of pain medications such as opioids and nonopioids (e.g., acetaminophen) may be considered for pain management in patients with renal failure. Short-acting analgesics should also be utilized cautiously in this population, considering the potential clearance and metabolism issues due to decreased renal function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly prescribed to patients with heart conditions, such as heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. It primarily works by slowing down the heart rate and increasing the strength of the heart's contractions. This is why patients taking digoxin are typically taught to monitor their own pulse regularly to ensure it stays within a safe range.